| 在职申硕英语考试易错题（2019/7/25） |
| 第1题：Scraps of food could soon be helping power your home, thanks to an ultra-cheap bacteria-driven battery. Its developers hope that instead of feeding the dog or making garden compost(混合肥料) ,organic household waste could top up your home’s electricity. Although such "microbial fuel cells" (MFCs)have been developed in the past, they have always proved extremely inefficient and expensive. NowChris Melhuish and technologists at the University of the West ofEngland(UWE、inBristol have come up with a simplified MFC、that costs as little as ￡10 to make. Right now, their fuel cell runs only on sugar cubes, since these produce almost no waste when broken down, but they aim to move on to carrot power. "It has to be able to use raw materials, rather than giving it a refined fuel," says Melhuish. Inside the Walkman-sized battery, a colony ofE、coil bacteria produce enzymes that break down carbohydrates, releasing hydrogen atoms. The cell also contains chemicals that drive a series of redox, or reduction and oxidation reactions, stripping electrons from the hydrogen atoms and delivering them steadily to the fuel cell’s anode(正极). This creates a voltage that can be used to power a circuit. To prove the MFC、works, the researchers are using it to power a small light-sensitive robot.And when a number of the cells are connected in series, they could power domestic appliances, running a 40-watt bulb for eight hours on about 50 grams of sugar. Earlier MFCs were inefficient because they relied on energy-hungry filters and pumps.By experimenting with different anode materials, the UWE、team have figured out how to make their system work: they dump the bacteria and redox chemicals directly into the cell. In its current form, the UWE、team says its organic battery can produce eight times as much power as any previous MFC、But Melhuish wants to improve this, both by scaling it up and finding a better mix of redox chemicals. According to Melhuish, his present MFC、______.A．is of very little use right now B、is no more efficient than previous ones C．consumes a lot of organic materials D．is already considerably efficient |
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| 第2题：{{B}}Outline:{{/B}} A、My general vision on whatChina will be like in 2050; B、Changes to be expected in different aspects in 2050; C、The social value and well being to be brought about by the changes. |
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| 第3题：The United StatesDepartment of Labor (enforces) laws that (promote) the welfare of wage earners, (improving) occupational conditions and (advance) employment opportunities. A、enforces B、promote C、improving D、advance |
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| 第4题：Birds are literally half-asleep-with one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleeping, according to a new study of sleeping ducks. Earlier studies have documented half-brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut, while the wakeful hemisphere’s eye stays open and alert.Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once. Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable, end-of-the-row sleepers. Sure enough, the end birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their companions.Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze direction. Also, birds dozing (打盹) at the end of the line resorted to single-hemisphere sleep, rather than total relaxation, more often than inner ducks diD、Rotating 16 birds through the positions in a four-duck row, the researchers found outer birds half-asleep during 32 percent of dozing time versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots. "We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness simultaneously in different regions of the brain," the researchers say. The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing supposition that single- hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the lockout side could be widespread, he predicts. He’s seen it in a pair of birds’ dozing side-by-side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by a mirror. The mirror-side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open. Useful as half-sleeping might be, it’s only been found in birds and such water mammals(哺乳动物) as dolphins, whales, and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning. Studies of birds may offer Unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA、says he wonders if birds’ half-brain sleep "is just the tip of the iceberg (冰山) ". He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species. A、new study on birds’ sleep has revealed that ______.A．half-brain sleep is found in all kinds of birds B．half-brain sleep is characterized by accelerated brain waves C．birds can control their half-brain sleep consciously D．birds always sleep with the whole of their brain at rest |
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| 第5题：Children model themselves largely on their parents. They do so mainly through identification.Children identify (56) a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings that are (57) of that parent. The things parents do and say--and the (58) they do and say to them-- strongly influence a child’s (59) . A、parent’s actions (60) affect the self image that a child forms (61) identification.Children who see mainly positive qualities in their (62) will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way.Children who observe chiefly (63) qualities in their parents will have difficulty (64) positive qualities in themselves.Children may (65) their self image, however, as they become increasingly (66) by peer groups: In the case of a dramatic change in family relations, the (67) of an activity or experience depends on how the child interprets it.Children interpret such events according to their established attitudes and previous training.Children who know they are loved can, (68) , accept the divorce of their parents or a parent’s early (69) .But if children feel unloved, they may interpret such events (70) a sign of rejection or punishment. A．modify B．copy C．give up D．continue |
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