| 在职申硕英语考试易错题（2019/7/30） |
| 第1题：Color is very important to most animals for it helps them to get along in the worl D、Color (61) to make an animal difficult for its enemies to (62) . Many animals match their (63) so well that as long’as they do not move no one is (64) to see them. You probably have often "jumped" a rabbit. If you (65) , you know how the rabbit sits perfectly still (66) you are just a few feet away. You (67) see the rabbit till it runs for its (68) matches very closely the place where it is (69) . Many times you may have walked past a rabbit (70) didn’t’ run and you never knew it was there at all. One of the most usual color schemes that helps animals to keep (71) being seen, is a dark back and light underpants, if an animal is the same color all (72) , there is always a dark shadow along the animal’s belly (腹部). (73) an enemy couldn’t see the animal he could see this dark shadow. The shadow makes the animal (74) out to view.But if the belly is (75) than the rest of the animal, the shadow will not be notice D、 A．helps B．contributes C．tries D、manages |
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| 第2题： You'll find that the community has ______great changes since you were here last time. A．submitted B．sustained C．perceived D．undergone |
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| 第3题：在宏观经济学中自动稳定器是什么 |
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| 第4题：Most people would agree that, although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom.But agreement ceases as soon as we attempt to define "wisdom" and consider means of promoting it. There are several factors that contribute to wisdom. Of these I should put first a sense of proportion: the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight. This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the extent and complexity of the special knowledge required of various kinds of technicians. Suppose, for example, that you are engaged in research in scientific medicine. The work is difficult and is likely to absorb the whole of your minD、You have no time to consider the effect which your discoveries or inventions may have outside the field of medicine. You succeed (let us say) as modern medicine has succeeded, in enormously lowering the infant death-rate, not only inEurope andAmerica, but also inAsia andAfricA、This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply inadequate and lowing the standard of life in the parts of the world that have the greatest populations. To take an even more dramatic example, which is in everybody’s mind at the present time, you study the makeup of the atom from a disinterested (无利害关系的) desire for knowledge, and by chance place in the hands of a powerful mad man the means of destroying the human race. Therefore, with every increase of knowledge and skill, wisdom becomes more necessary, for every such increase augments (增强) our capacity for realizing our purposes, and therefore augments our capacity for evil, if our purposes are unwise. Lowering the infant death-rate may ______ .A．prove to be helpful everywhere in the world B．give rise to an increase in population inEurope C．cause food shortages inAsia andAfrica D．raise the living standard of the people inAfrica |
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| 第5题：We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist ( 免疫学家) Mark Laudenslager, at the University ofDenver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what wakens the immune system. Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist atDuke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don’t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats.But if the animals are conditioned to confront with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively even when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists’ suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression. One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist RobertAder at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned (使形成条件反射) mice to avoid saccharin (糖精) by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets.Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener,Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning dieD、He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them. The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death of the mice inAder’s experiment was that______.A．the sweetener was poisonous to them B．their immune systems had been altered by the mind C．they had been weakened physically by the saccharin D．they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning |
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