| 在职申硕英语考试易错题（2019/8/13） |
| 第1题：Passage FourIf you haven’t heard or seen anything about Road Rage in the last few months, you’ve probably been avoiding the medi A、There have been countless stories about this new and scary phenomenon, considered a type of aggressive driving. You have more likely encountered aggressive driving and/or Road Rage recently if you drive at all.While drunk driving remains a critical problem, the facts about aggressive driving are surely as disturbing. For instance, according to the National Highway Transportation SafetyAssociation, 41, 907 people died on the highway last year. Of those fatalities, the agency estimates that about two-thirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behavior.Why is this phenomenon occurring more than ever now, and why is it something that seemed almost nonexistent a few short years agoExperts have several theories, and all are probably partially correct. One suggestion is sheer overcrowding. In the last decade, the number of cars on the roads has increased by more than 11 percent, and the number of miles driven has increased by 35 percent. However, the number of new road miles has only increased by 1 percent. That means more cars in the same amount of space: and the problem is magnified in urban areas.Also, people have less time and more things to do, With people working and trying to fit extra chores (琐事) and activities into the day, stress levels, have never been higher, Stress creates anxiety, which leads to short tempers. These factors, when combined in certain situations, can spell Road Rage.You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively, but you might be surpriseD、For instance, have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver, sounded the horn long and hard at another car, or sped up to keep another driver from passing If you recognize yourself in any of these situations, watch out!Whether you are getting angry at other drivers, or another driver is visibly upset with you, there are things you can do to avoid any major confrontation. If you are susceptible to Road Rage, the key is to discharge your emotion in a healthy way. If you’re the target of another driver’s rage, do everything possible to get away from the other diver safely, including avoiding eye contact and getting out of their way. Which of the following characterizes aggressive driving A、Talking while driving. B．Driving fast. C．Yelling at another driver. D．Sounding the horn when passing. |
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| 第2题：In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition (学会) of each new skill—the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the chilD、This might happen at any stage. A、baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself. Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness. As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and exeuse it the next is no foundation for morality (道德).Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach (说教), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooleD、 A、sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment. Eagerly watching the child’s acquisition of new skills______. A、should be avoided B．is universal among parents C．sets up dangerous states of worry in the child D．will make him lose interest in learning new things |
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| 第3题： Confucius--a statesman, scholar, and (educator) of (great skill) and reputation--is generally held to be China's (greatest) and most (influence) philosopher. A．educator B．great skill C．greatest D．influence |
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| 第4题：We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist (免疫学家) Mark Laudenslager, at the University ofDenver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless Partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what wakens the immune system. Other researchers agree, Jay Weiss, a psychologist atDuke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don’t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats.But if the animals are conditioned to confront with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively even when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists’ suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression. One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist RobertAder at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned (使形成条件反射) mice to avoid saccharin (糖精) by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets.Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener,Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning dieD、He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them. The reason why the mice inAder’s experiment avoided saccharin was that ______ .A．they associated it with stomachach B．it affected their immune systems C．it led to stomach pains D．they disliked its taste |
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| 第5题： An international treaty signed several years ago bans trade in plants and animal of endangered species. A．forbids B．eliminates C．promotes D．protects |
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