| 在职申硕英语考试易错题（2019/9/12） |
| 第1题：Do you believe that severe punishment would deter potential criminals from evildoing Is death penalty (死刑) indispensable component of the criminal lawDo you believe the arch criminals deserve another chance to turn over a new leaf Should capital punishment be abolished (废除的) In the USA, 85% of the population over the age of 21 approve of the death penalty. Many U.S. states still have the death penalty. Some use the electric chair, which can take up to 20 minutes to kill, while others use gas or lethal injection. The first execution was the case of RuthEllis who was hanged for shooting her lover in what was generally regarded as a crime of passion. The second, a man was hanged for murders which, it was later proved, had been committed by someone else. The death penalty advocates listed several points to support capital punishment. First there is the deterrence theory, which argues that potential murders would think twice before committing the act if they knew that they might die if they were caught. The armed bank robber might, likewise, go back to being unarmeD、 The other argument is more suspectful. The idea of retribution demands that criminals should get what they deserve: if a murderer intentionally sets out to commit a crime, he should accept the consequences. Retribution, which is just another word for revenge, is supported by the delicious doctrine of an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. The arguments against the death penalty are largely humanitarian.But there are also statistical reasons for opposing it: inBritain, 1903 was the record year for executions and yet in 1904, the number of murders actually rose. There was a similar occurrence in 1946 and 1947. If the deterrence theory were correct, the rate would have fallen. The other reasons to oppose the death penalty are largely a matter of individual conscience and belief. One is that murder is murder and that the state has no more right to take a life than the individual. The other is thatChristianity advises forgiveness, not revenge. Which of the following statements is true according to the first two paragraphsA．RuthEllis was shot by her lover, which was regarded as a crime of passion. B．A、man was hanged for the murder he didn’t commit. C．InAmerica, each and every state has abolished death penalty. D．Not many adults in the U.S. are in favor of capital punishment. |
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| 第2题：Genetically modified (GM) foodstuffs are here to stay. That’s not to say that food produced by conventional agriculture will disappear, (61) simply that foodbuying patterns will polarize. It may even be that GM food will become the food of (62) because consumers come to appreciate the health benefits of reduced pesticide use. The reason GM food will not go away is that we need a three-fold increase in food production by the year 2050 to keep (63) with the world’s (64) population growth to ten or eleven billion. It’s not just a question of more mouths to feed either. (65) is often forgotten is that all these extra people will take up space,reducing the overall land (66) for agriculture. It may well be that in the long term it is the developing world (67) benefits most from GM foods. It’s true that for the next ten years or so GM crops may be (68) expensive.But the lesson of personal computers is applicable here—once the technology has been developed for money spinning crops, (69) maize, soy beans and cotton,it will become (70) for all. This doesn’t mean, unfortunately, that families will (71) , but severity and duration will be helped by an (72) ability to produce and distribute fooD、 (73) we move into this new era of agriculture we’re embarking on a journey the world has seen many number of times with experiments before. We have been refining species of wheat for several thousand years. Genetic engineers like me are not doing anything as (74) as making a cabbage into a cauliflower (75) has been done by plant breeders in the past. We’re simply tapping into the whole gene pool, rather than concentrating on one species at a time. A．not B．too C．almost D．nearly |
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| 第3题：American culture has not been immune to cultural influences from outside. The idea of democracy came from the ancient Greeks; the Industrial Revolution started inEngland; jazz and rock music preserveAfrican rhythms—to pick a few examples. Indeed, many of the things we think of as "100 percentAmerican" came from other cultures. Still, most of the changes inAmerican culture over the last century have come from within, as the result of inventions and discoveries.And change has been dramatiC、One hundred years ago the United States was largely a nation of farmers. Many of the things we take for granted today—a high school education, for example, or indoor plumbing—were luxuries then. The moon was a light for lovers, not a site for scientific exploration; genetic engineering (基因工程) was not even a subject for science fiction, much less for laboratory research and corporate investments. The decades following the Second World War, in particular, were characterized by spectacular scientific and technological advances, national self-confidence, optimism, and (for manyAmericans) prosperity. TheAmerican economy was the strongest in the world: more goods were produced and sold, more people were working, and the standard of living was higher than ever before. Polls (民意调查) taken in the 1950s and 1960s show that the averageAmerican was preoccupied with the questions "will I make a good living " "Will I be successful " and "Will I raise successful, happy children " Success was defined in terms of maintaining a stable family and "keeping up with the Jones". MostAmericans believed that if they played by the rules—if they work hard and did what was expected, if they sacrificed their own needs to those of their family and their employer—they would be rewarded with an ever-increasing standard of living, a devoted spouse, and decent children.An expensive car, a suburban home, and children in college were tangible (可触知的) signs that hard work and self-sacrifice paid off. The phrase "keeping up with the Jones" in Paragraph 2 means ______ . A、working as hard as the Jones B．trying to get whatever Jones have C．setting up an ideal D．making enough money to support the family |
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| 第4题： It is the interaction (between) people, (rather than) the events that occur in their lives that (are) the main focus (of) social psychology. A．between B．rather than C．are D．of |
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| 第5题： A: I'd like to see Dr. Smith, please.B: ______ A．what's the problem B．How can I help you C．Do you have an appointment D．Maybe Dr. Smith don't want to see you right now. |
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