在职申硕英语习题练习
| 在职申硕英语考试易错题（2019/9/16） |
| 第1题：{{B}}Passage Five{{/B}} But now the tables have turneD、Today Silicon Valley executives are the ones often coming out in suits. No wonder that Fortune 500 executives are dusting off their silk ties and pants. "I would say there is a trend now toward a little more business dress," said Kennedy. "I find myself wearing suits more." While there isn’t a rush toward formal office wear, clothiers and executives say the workplace uniform is heading that way. In many offices, men are wearing jackets, ties and pants more frequently than a year ago. Top women executives never went as casual as men, so the shift doesn’t affect them as dramatically. "Business casual" took several years to catch on. It started with casual Fridays, evolved to casual summers, then became casual everyday. Observers mention many factors driving the trend Internet companies helped lead the dress-down movement and other industries followed suit to attract workers.But with the collapse of many dot-corns, the relaxed look is becoming a style to avoiD、Moreover, as the economy stumbles, more people are hunting for jobs or trying to keep the ones they have, and appearance counts. U.S. PresidentBush wears a coat and tie in the White House office and expects his staff to dress "professionally," which some say sets a tone for the nation. |
B．on weekends
C．in summer
D．almost everyday
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| 第3题：The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive. Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing results. Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising. General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced itsChevrolet Nova to the Puerto Rican market. "Nova" is Latin for "new (star)" and means "star" in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can sound like "nova", meaning "it doesn’t go". Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning. When GM changed the name toCaribe, sales "picked up" dramatically. Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies. OneAmerican food company’s friendly "Jolly Green Giant" (for advertising vegetables) became something quite different when it was translated intoArabic as " Intimidating Green Ogre". When translated into German, Pepsi’s popular slogan, "ComeAlive with Pepsi" came out implying "ComeAlive from the Grave". No wonder customers in Germany didn’t rush out to buy Pepsi. Successful international marketing doesn’t stop with good translations—other aspects of culture must be researched and understood if marketers are to avoid blunders. When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to capture their target market. For example, anAmerican designer tried to introduce a new perfume into the LatinAmerican market but the product aroused little interest. The main reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in many SouthAmerican countries. Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive to cultural distinctions. The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique called "back translation" to reduce the possibility of blunders. The process uses one person to translate a message into the target language and another to translate it back.Effective translators aim to capture the overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings. In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be short and simple. They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another. The best title of this passage might be “______” .A．Culture Is Very Important inAdvertising B．AvoidCultural MisunderstandingBetween Nations C．OvercomeCultural Shock inDifferentCountries D．Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles |
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| 第4题：为什么用普朗特数Pr 可以定性地判断流体外掠平板时的速度边界层和温度边界层的相对厚度？ |
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| 第5题：Robert J. Oppenheimer was a famousAmerican physicist, who directed the (1) of the first atomic bombs. Oppenheimer was born in New YorkCity onApril 22, 1904, and was educated at Harvard University and the universities ofCambridge.After (2) the InternationalEducationBoard from 1928 to 1929, he became a professor of physics at the University ofCalifornia and theCalifornia Institute of Technology, where he built up large (3) of theoretical physics. He was noted for his contributions (4) to the theory of relativity, cosmic rays, and neutron stars. From 1943 to 1945 , Oppenheimer served as director of the atomic bomb project at LosAlamos, New Mexico. His leadership and organizational skills (5) him the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1946. In 1947 he became director of the Institute forAdvanced Studies in Princeton, New Jersey, serving there (6) the year before his death. He was also chairman of the GeneralAdvisoryCommittee of theAtomicEnergyCommission from 1947 to 1952 and served (7) as an adviser. In 1954, however, he was suspended from this position (8) his past association withCommunists. This action (9) the political atmosphere of the time, as well as the dislike of some politicians and military (10) for Oppenheimer’s opposition to development of the hydrogen bomb and his (11) of arms control. His (12) was not really in doubt. (13) , efforts were made to clear his name, and in 1963 theAEC、 (14) him its highest honor, theEnrico FermiAwarD、Oppenheimer (15) his final years to study of the relationship between science and society. He died in Princeton on February 18, 1967. A、thereafterB、therebyC、thereforeD、thereabout |
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