| 在职申硕英语考试易错题（2019/9/26） |
| 第1题： A、few years ago, when environmentalists in Washington State began agitating to rid local dumps of toxic old computers and televisions, they found an unexpected ally: Hewlett-PackardCo. Teaming up with greens and retailers, hp took on IBM,AppleComputer, and several major TV manufacturers, which were resisting recycling programs because of the costs. Aided by hp’s energetic lobbying, the greens persuaded state lawmakers to adopt a landmark program that forces electronics companies to foot the bill for recycling their old equipment. "This bill puts our market-based economy to work for the environment," said Washington GovernorChristine O. Gregoire as she signed the plan into law on Mar 24. The movement to recycle electronic refuse, or "e-waste," is spreading across the nation, and so is hp’s clout. The company helped the greens win a big battle in Maine, In 2004 when the state passed the nation’s first e-waste "take-back" law. Washington followed suit. Now, Minnesota and New Jersey are preparing to act, and 19 other states are weighing legislation.Activists hope to banish high-tech junk from landfills and scrub the nation’s air and water of lead, chromium, mercury, and other toxins prevalent in digital debris, hp’s efforts have made it the darling of environmentalists. They say take-back laws are more effective at getting digital junk recycled than point-of-sale fees, which tax consumer electronics products to fund state-run recycling programs. They’re also pleased because effective programs in the U. S. reduce the likelihood that the products will be shipped to less developed countries and disassembled under unsafe conditions. But hp’s agenda isn’t entirely altruistiC、Take-back laws play to the company’s strategic strengths. For decades the computer maker has invested in recycling infrastructure, a move that has lowered its production costs, given it a leg up in the secondary market for equipment, and allowed it to build a customer service out of "asset management," which includes protection of dam that might remain on discarded gear. In 2005, hp recycled more than 70 000 tons of product, the equivalent of about 10% of company sales and a 15% increase from the year before.And it collected more than 2.5 million units (in excess of 25 000 tons) of hardware to be refurbished for resale or donation. No other electronics maker has a resale business on this scale.But the others may soon wish to emulate hp. "We see legislation coming," saysDavid Lear, hp’s vice-president for corporate, social, and environmental responsibility. " A、lot of companies haven’t stepped up to the plate.... If we do this right, it becomes an advantage to us.\ hp collected more than 2.5 million hardware units in order to A、renew them for resale or donation B、dissemble them for making cheap products C．built a large data base D．repair them before giving them to charity organizations |
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| 第2题：In the past few decades, remarkable findings have been made in ethnology, the study of animal social behavior.Earlier scientists had (61) that nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics. Much more careful observation has shown that (62) variation occurs among the social ties of most species, showing that learning is a part of social life. That is, the (63) are not solely fixed by the genes. (64) , the learning that occurs is often at an early age in a process that is called imprinting. Imprinting is clearly (65) instinctive, but it is not quite like the learning of humans; it is something in between the two.An illustration best (66) the nature of imprinting. Once, biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother duck because of instincts. Now we know that, shortly (67) they hatch, ducklings fix (68) any object about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow it. So ducklings may follow a basketball or a briefcase if these are (69) for the mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs. Thus, social ties can be considerably (70) , even ones that have a considerable base (71) by genetics. Even among the social insects something like imprinting (72) influence social behavior. For example, biologists once thought bees communicated with others purely (73) instinct.But, in examining a "dance" that bees do to indicate the distance and direction of a pollen source, observers found that bees raised in isolation could not communicate effectively.At a higher level, the genetic base seems to be much more for an all-purpose learning rather than the more specific responses of imprinting.Chimpanzees, for instance, generally (74) very good mother but Jane Good all reports that some chimps carry the infant upside down or (75) fail to nurture the young. A．What’s more B．Hence C、But D．However |
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| 第3题：{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}} A、country’s capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a country’s natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a favourable climate; other regions possess none of them. Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use. Some countries are perhaps well off in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and for this and other reasons have been unable to develop their resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well served by nature but less well ordereD、Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a country’s people. Industrialized countries that have trained numerous skilled workers and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilleD、 A、country’s standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed within its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. For example,Britain’s wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on those grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would otherwise be lacking.A、country’s wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, provided that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures. |
| 第4题：Man: Not every woman could do the thing like her. She is extraordinary. Woman: Yeah, she is. But I'll have my moments. Question: What does the woman mean A．She thinks she is better than the lady the man is talking about. B．She thinks she will be successful someday. C．She thinks she is more charming than the lady the man is talking about. D．She thinks she has her own specialty. |
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| 第5题：A: Could you change these pounds for dollars, please B: ______ A．Yes. Do you know the exchange rate B．Yes. It doesn't matter. C．Do you want smaller bills or larger ones D．Do you want any other service |
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