| 在职申硕英语考试易错题（2019/9/29） |
| 第1题：In order to work here the foreigner needs a work permit, which must be (61) for by his prospective employer. The problem here is that theDepartment ofEmployment has the right to (62) or refuse these permits, and there is little that can be (63) about it, it would be extremely unwise (64) a foreign visitor to work without a permit, since anyone doing so is (65) to immediate deportation. There are some (66) to this rule, most notably people from theCommon Market countries, who are (67) to work without permits and who are often given (68) residence permits of up to five years. Some (69) people, such as doctors, foreign journalists, authors and others, can work without (70) . The problem with theAct is not just that some of its rules are (71) but (72) it is administered, and the people who administer it. An immigration official has the power to stop a visitor (73) these shores coming into the country. If this happens the visitor has the (74) to appeal to the ImmigrationAppeal Tribunal. (75) the appeals are being considered, the visitor has no choice but to wait sometimes for quite a long time. A．exemptions B．exceptions C．excerptions D．expositions |
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| 第2题：For an increasing number of students atAmerican universities, Old is suddenly in. The reason is obvious: the graying ofAmerica means jobs.Coupled with the aging of the baby-boom (生育高峰) generation, a longer life span means that the nation’s elderly population is bound to expand significantly over the next 40 years.By 2040, 25 percent of allAmericans will be older than 65, up from 14 percent in 1995. The change poses profound questions for government and society, of course.But it also creates career opportunities in medicine and health professions, and in law and business as well. "In addition to the doctors, we’re going to need more sociologists, biologists, urban planners and specialized lawyers," says ProfessorEdward Schneider of the University of SouthernCalifornia’s (USC、School of Gerontology (老年学). Lawyers can specialize in "elder law"; which covers everything from trusts and estates to nursing-home abuse and age discrimination (歧视).Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elder market because the baby boomers, 74 million strong, are likely to be the wealthiest group of retirees in human history. "Any student who combines an expert knowledge in gerontology with, say, an MB A、or law degree will have a license to print money," one professor says. Margarine Santos is a 21-year-old senior at USC、She began college as a biology major but found she was "really bored with bacteria". So she took a class in gerontology and discovered that she liked it. She says, "I did volunteer work in retirement homes and it was very satisfying. \ With the aging ofAmerica, lawyers can benefit______. A、from the adoption of the "elder law" B、from rendering special services to the elderly C．by enriching their professional knowledge D．by winning the trust of the elderly to promote their own interests |
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| 第3题： The young man asked his parents not to worry because he was full of optimism about his career. A．motivation B．confidence C．imagination D．resolution |
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| 第4题：Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (青少年犯罪) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (56) on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (57) they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (58) with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status (59) as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (60) the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate parental control.All theories, however, are tentative and are (61) to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly (62) juvenile crime rates. Families have also (63) changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; (64) , children are likely to have less supervision at home, (65) was common in the traditional family (66) . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other (67) causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased (68) of drugs and alcohol, and the growing (69) of child abuse and child neglect.All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, (70) a direct causal relationship (因果关系) has not yet been establisheD、 A．contrarily B．consequently C．similarly D．simultaneously |
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| 第5题：Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion--a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotional world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a World without’ friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society’s economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning ＄10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kinD、For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them. In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation.Emotions structure the world for us in implant ( 嵌入, 插入)ways.As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object’s physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us--hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are "good" and others are "bad", and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life--from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal and penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts. According to the passage, people’s learning activities are possible because they ______A．enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thing B．know what is vital to the progress of society C．believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay alive D．benefit from providing help and support to one another |
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