| 在职申硕英语考试易错题（2019/10/16） |
| 第1题：For more than thirty years after astronauts first set foot on the Moon, scientists have been unable to unravel the mystery of where theEarth’s only satellite came from.But now there is direct evidence that the Moon was born after a giant collision between the youngEarth and another planet. Previous studies of rocks from theEarth and the Moon have been unable to distinguish between the two, suggesting that they formed from the same material.But this still left room for a number of theories explaining how—for example, that the Moon andEarth formed from the same material at the same time. It was even suggested that the earlyEarth spun so fast it formed a bulge that eventually broke off to form the Moon. Franck Poitrasson, and his colleagues at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology have compared Moon rocks with rocks fromEarth and discovered a surprising difference. They analysed the weight of the elements present in the rock using a highly accurate form of mass spectroscopy(光谱研究) that involves vaporising a sample by passing it through an argon (氩) flame.Although they appeared very similar in most respects, the Moon rocks had a higher ratio of iron-57 to iron-54 isotopes(同位素)than theEarth rocks. "The only way we could explain this difference is that the Moon and theEarth were partly vaporised during their formation," says Poitrasson. Only the popular "giant planetary impact" theory could generate the temperatures of more than 1700℃ needed to vaporise iron. In this scenario, a Mars-sized planet known as Theia crashed intoEarth 50 million years after the birth of the Solar System. This catastrophic collision would have released 100 million times more energy than the impact believed to have wiped out the dinosaurs—enough to melt and vaporise a large portion of theEarth and completely destroy TheiA、The debris from the collision would have been thrown into orbit around theEarth and eventually coalesced to form the Moon. When iron is vaporised, the lighter isotopes burn off first.And since the ejected debris that became the Moon would have been more thoroughly vaporised, it would have lost a greater proportion of its lighter iron isotopes thanEarth diD、This would explain the different ratios that Poitrasson has founD、 Franck Poitrasson and his colleagues analyzed the weight of the elements present in the rock in order to ______.A．find out which rock contains more iron B．see how hot it needs to vaporize irons C．investigate how the Moon was formed D．estimate which rock is more valuable |
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| 第2题：(5 分)写出Nadal 脱轨系数的计算式并注明各参数的意义。 |
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| 第3题：After flexing its mechanical arm and finding some puzzling chemistry in a patch of Martian soil,the robotic rover Spirit began investigating the composition of a rock namedAdirondack yesterday with two science instruments and a microscopic camer A、 Following programmed instructions from flight controllers, the six-wheel rover made several short turns and moved forward about six feet. It stopped within inches of the pyramid-shaped rock, about the size of a football. It was the vehicle’s second maneuver on the Martian surface since landing there on Jan. 3. Scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena,Calif., said they did not expect results of the first rock examination until early today.But they were already both pleased and puzzled over the soil test results. "We’re starting to put together a picture of what the soil at Gusev is really like,"Dr. Steven W. Squyres ofCornell, the principal scientist of the mission, said at a news conference in Pasaden A、He was referring to the Spirit’s landing site in Gusev crater, near the Martian equator. Two of the Spirit’s main science instruments, the M6ssbauer spectrometer and the alpha particle X-ray spectrometer, made a close examination of soil near the landing base. German scientists in charge of the studies reported that X-rays emitted by the surface soil indicated a chemical composition mainly of silicon and iron, with smaller amounts of sulfur, chlorine and argon.Argon is a noble gas that is part of the Martian atmosphere. Previous Martian sites visited by landing craft also contained significant amounts of sulfur and chlorine. Other members of the project’s science team said the M6ssbauer spectrometer found considerable amounts of the mineral olivine in the soil. Olivine, which contains oxygen, iron and magnesium, is often found in volcanic rocks. The Martian soil may resemble the volcanic soil of Hawaii. "One possibility is that this soil is simply ground-up lava,"Dr. Squyres saiD、"That would surprise me, but it’s entirely possible that beneath .those grains there is solid rock and we are detecting some of that solid rock, not the s0il." Another property of the soil perplexed geologists. The fine grains of the Gusev surface seem to stick together in dry clumps. Geologists suspected static electricity as the clinging force. If so, they said, the soil should collapse and flatten out when the M6ssbauer spectrometer pressed against the grounD、Nothing collapsed, leadingDr. Squyres to ask what force was. responsible for holding them together. How many pieces of equipment is the robotic rover Spirit, armed with and what are their names A、Two. They are the mechanical arm and the microscopic camer A、 B．Three. They are the two science instruments and a microscopic camer A、 C．Four. They are the two science instruments, a microscopic camera and the flight controller. D．Five. They are the two science instruments, the two flight controllers and a microscopic camera and the flight controller. |
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| 第4题：When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his______can be distributed. A．paradoxes B．legacies C．platitudes D．analogies |
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| 第5题：The findings of the two studies contradict each other, though both groups of scientists have used the same method. A．agree with B．confirm C．complement D．disagree with |
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