| 在职申硕英语考试每日一练（2019/11/5） |
| 第1题：The multi-billion-dollar Western pop music industry is under fire. It is being blamed by the United Nations for the dramatic rise in drug abuse worldwide. "The most worrisome development is a culture of drug-friendliness that seems to be gaining prominence (显著)," said the UN’s 13-member International NarcoticsControlBoard in a report released in late February 1998. The 4-page study says that pop music, as a global industry, is by far the most influential trend-setter for young people of most cultures. "Some lyrics advocate the smoking of marijuana (大麻) or taking other drugs, and certain pop stars make statements and set examples as if the use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes were a normal and acceptable part of a person’s lifestyle," the study says. Surprisingly, says theBoard, the effect of drug-friendly pop music seems to survive despite the occasional shock of death by overdose (过量用药). "Such incidents tend to be seen as an occasion to mourn the loss of a role model, and not an opportunity to confront the deadly effect of ’recreational’ drug use," it notes. Since the 1970s, several internationally famous singers and movie stars—includingElvis Presley, Janice Joplin, JohnBelushi, Jimi Hendrix, Jonathan Melvin andAndy Gibbs—have died of either drug abuse or drug related illnesses. With the globalization of popular music, messages tolerating or promoting drug abuse are now reaching beyond their countries of origin. "In most countries, the names of certain pop stars have become familiar to the members of every household," the study says. The UN study also blames the media for its description of certain drug issues—especially the use of marijuana and issues of liberalization and legalization—which encourages, rather than prevents, drug abuse. "Over the last years, we have seen how drug abuse is increasingly regarded as being acceptable or even attractive," says Hamid Ghodse, president of theBoarD、 "Powerful pressure groups run political campaigns aimed at legalizing controlled drugs," he says. Ghodse also points out that all these developments have created an environment which is tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse and spoils international drug prevention efforts currently under way. The present study, he says, focuses on the issue of demand reduction and prevention within an environment that has become tolerant of drug abuse. TheBoard calls on governments to do their legal and moral duties, and to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth .culture to which young people increasingly are being exposeD、 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a factor that has contributed to creating an environment tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuseA．The spreading of pop musiC、 B．The mediA、 C．Political campaigns run by powerful pressure groups. D．The low price of some drugs. |
| 【单选题】： |
| 第2题：Sometimes the messages are conveyed through deliberate "conscious gestures", other times, our bodies talk without our even knowing it. A．definite B．intentional C．interactive D．delicate |
| 【单选题】： |
| 第3题：{{B}}Passage Five{{/B}} The beauty of having goals is the uniqueness of each one to the goal setter. Whether it is personal, financial, business or spiritual, they are all specific to that person and their circumstances. The most important part initially is to write them down. Having goals written down gives you incredible power while helping you to focus on this areA、 Aim for something that will stretch you while remaining achievable. If you achieve your goal too easily, it is not high enough to make any significant change in your life and needs to be adjusteD、On the other hand, if you consistently miss the goals, re-evaluate, and consider setting them a little lower as you will only get discouraged and probably give up. The aim is to keep growing, and moving into a more satisfactory position for your particular circumstances. As you obtain the levels that you have set for yourself, always include a small reward at each point. This might only be a small thing in the early days like a meal out or a weekend vacation. Remember that these changes will not happen overnight and there will be a period of time when nothing seems to be happening. This is why the goals need to be detailed and as specific as possible with consequence and benefit. Allow some time on a daily basis to educate yourself on how to make the necessary adjustments in your life. This could include listening to aCD, or reading a book on motivation etC、 A、simple method to start with could be one goal in the main areas of life to be achieved in one month, six months, twelve months or five years.Break that down further into a daily, weekly and monthly system. Stay focused and disciplined to achieve all that you desire. |
| 第4题：MoreAmerican mothers than ever are working, and more workers are mothers. Yet their march into the world of paid work continues to cause suspicion. One recent survey found that 48 percent ofAmericans believe that preschoolers suffer if their mothers work, while another found that 42 percent of employed parents think that working mothers care more about succeeding at work than meeting their children’s needs. All mothers deserve our support--those who care for children at home and those who have joined the work force.But many working mothers continue to believe that they are shortchanging (少找钱)their children. They shouldn’t. Research tells us that kids do just fine when mothers work. SuzanneBianchi a scientist of the University of Maryland, has found that mothers today spend as much if not more time with their children than they did in 1965, even though the percentage of mothers who work rose from 35 percent to 71 percent. Then there are the obvious financial benefits. For many children, these earnings are the difference between living in poverty—or out of it. The kids are all right. Studies conducted by the University of Michigan have consistently demonstrated that a child’s social or academic competence does not depend on whether a mother is employeD、In my research four out of five children (nine out of ten in single parent families) told me that having a working mother was their preferred arrangement. My study found that children with working mothers are no more likely to drop out, take drugs, break the law, or experiment with sex prematurely than children with non-employed mothers.Children have taken their mothers’ example to heart. Ninety percent of the young women I interviewed said they hoped to combine work with motherhood, while two-thirds of the men said they wanted to share parenting and work. Sadly, children support working mothers more than we do as a society. Parental leave and child-care benefits in the United States remain inadequate, particularly when compared to what’s offered in other countries.Children thrive when their mothers have satisfying, well-paid jobs when they can count on other caretakers to share the loaD、The challenge facing us is thus not whether good workers can also be good mothers, but whether we can create the conditions that enable working mothers and fathers to be good parents. In paragraph two, the author thinks that ______. A、society should support all mothers no matter where they work—at home or outside it B．working mothers are doing less for their children C．we should do more research on this problem D．working mothers should be proud |
| 【单选题】： |
| 第5题：そういう仕事なら機械的処理もそれほどまで困難ではなかろう。ところが. |
| 【分析题】： |
| 第6题：{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}} The world is a giddy montage (蒙太奇) of vivid gestures—the ones used by traffic police, street vendors, expressway drivers, teachers, children on playground and athletes with their exuberant (热情洋溢的) hugging, clenched fists and "high fives". People all over the world use their hands, heads, and bodies to communicate expressively. Gestures and body language communicate as effectively as words—maybe even more effectively. We use gestures daily, almost instinctively, from beckoning to a waiter, or punctuating a business presentation with visual signals to airport ground attendants guiding an airline pilot into the jet-way or a parent using a whole dictionary of gestures to teach a chilD、 Gestures are woven into our social lives. The "vocabulary" of gestures can be at once informative and entertaining...but also dangerous. Gestures can be menacing, warm, instructive, or even sensuous. Bear in mind that some gestures are in general use, but there may always be exceptions. In recent years, Western and contemporary values and ideas have become more popular and have either influenced, altered, and even replaced, some of the more traditional gestures. Understanding human behavior is tricky stuff. No two people behave in precisely the same way. Nor do people from the same culture all perform exactly the same gestures and body language uniformly. For almost any gestures there will probably be a minority within a given nationality who might say, "Well, some might attach that meaning to it, but to me it means..." and then they will provide a different interpretation. In the world of gestures, the best single piece of advice is to remember the twoA’s—"ask" and be "aware", If you see a motion or gesture that is new or confusing, ask a local person what it signifies. Then, be aware of the many body signs and customs around you. |
| 第7题：{{B}}Part ⅣCloze{{/B}} {{B}}{{I}}Directions{{/B}}: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank, there are 4 choices markedA,B, C、andD、Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring {{B}}ANSWER SHEET{{/B}}.{{/I}} To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an {{U}} (72) {{/U}} , which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speeD、The bar is set at a slightly faster rate {{U}} (73) {{/U}} the reader finds comfortable, in order to "stretch" him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, {{U}} (74) {{/U}} word-by-word reading, regression and subvocalization, practically impossible.At first {{U}} (75) {{/U}} is sacrificed for speeD、But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, but also your comprehension will improve. |
| 第8题：Visiting a National Park can be relaxing, inspiring, but it can also be disturbing.As you drive into Rocky Mountain National Park, you will see starving elk, damaged mead ows and dying forests. Our parks are growing old because we have mistakenly protected them from natural processes, such as fire, predation, and insects. We believed that we were saving these remnants of wildAmerica, but actually we have "protected" them to death. If we want to save our National Parks, the National Park Service must change its management priorities to prevent over population of animals and to restore natural process in the forest in order to prevent their stagnation and "death" by old age. We must act soon: our parks are dying of old age because we have altered the forces in nature that keep them young and strong. By tracing the history of our National Parks, we can understand the problem and see why we need active management. In the early part of the 20th century, settlers exploited wildlife heavily, resulting in neat-extinction of many species. Therefore, several National Parks were established byCongress primarily to save endangered animals. However, stricter wildlife protection laws and improved wildlife management techniques resulted in greater populations of animals overcrowding in areas of high concentration, such as the Yellowstone elk herds.Complicating the problem, the National Park Service in the early part of the 20th century adopted a policy of aggressive predator elimination, thus reducing natural wildlife population control. Subsequently, elk and deer populations exploded in many National Parks, resulting in severe damage to native vegetation. Vigorous forest fire and insect suppression in the National Parks throughout the 20th century further altered the natural environment by allowing forests to over-mature, without natural thinning processes. Park managers thought that they were protecting the land, but actually they were removing important controls from the forest ecosystems. Clearly, we must act immediately if we want to pass down to our children and grandchildren the green legacy of our National Parks; we must step in and restore the natural processes which we have altered through our well-intentioned, but misguided, policies in the past. From the article, we can deduce that the author______. A、is in support of the present policies B．appreciates the present management techniques C、thinks that the forces in nature should be altered D．is strongly in favor of the natural processes |
| 【单选题】： |
| 第9题：Suddenly, Gallup’s name was (on everyone’s lips); not only (he was) the prophet of the moment, (but) it was generally believed that he had founded (a new) and most important method of prediction. A、on everyone’s lips B、he was C、but D、a new |
| 【单选题】： |
| 第10题：The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, painfree life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness.But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain. As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment (承担的义务), self-improvement. Ask a bachelor (单身汉) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three-day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children.But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchil D、 Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless.And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all. To understand what true happiness is, one must______.A．have as much run as possible during one’s lifetime B．make every effort to liberate oneself from pain C．put up with pain under all circumstances D、be able to distinguish happiness from fun |
| 【单选题】： |