| 在职申硕英语考试易错题（2019/11/8） |
| 第1题： Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, {{U}} (60) {{/U}}the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate parental control.All theories, however, are tentative and are{{U}} (61) {{/U}}to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly{{U}} (62) {{/U}}juvenile crime rates. Families have also{{U}} (63) {{/U}}changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents;{{U}} (64) {{/U}}, children are likely to have less supervision at home,{{U}} (65) {{/U}}was common in the traditional family{{U}} (66) {{/U}}. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other{{U}} (67) {{/U}}causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased{{U}} (68) {{/U}}of drugs and alcohol, and the growing{{U}} (69) {{/U}}of child abuse and child neglect.All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,{{U}} (70) {{/U}}a direct causal relationship (因果关系) has not yet been establisheD、 |
| 第2题：Valentine’sDay is a festival of romance and affection. The holiday is an interesting combination of pagan (异教徒的) andChristian influences. Some of the day’s customs probably came from an ancient Roman holiday caned Lupercalia, Which honored Juno (wife of Jupiter, the goddess of women, marriage, and childbirth) and Pan (the God of nature).During the Lupercalia festival, young women dropped poems bearing their names into a large vase.Each young man picked a name from the vase to find his sweetheart for that year. During the MiddleAges, church leaders wanted to relate this pagan holiday toChristianity, so they renamed it after aChristian saint and moved the holiday from February 15 to February 14, the feast day of St. Valentine. St. Valentine was a third-centuryChristian martyr, a young man who was imprisoned in Rome for refusing to worship pagan gods.According to legend, before Valentine was beheaded on February 14, he restored the eyesight of his jailer’s blind daughter. Then he sent her a farewell letter signed, "From your Valentine". This phrase is now a common expression of affection that appears on many of the holiday greeting cards. Perhaps another reason that February 14 was picked as a holiday for lovers was that the ancient Romans believed that birds began to mate on this date. In modern times, early in February of each year, card shops, drugstores, and department stores begin displaying a wide variety of greeting cards called valentines. Most of them are illustrated with the symbolic red heart, which stands for love. Many also show a picture ofCupid with his bow and arrow. Some valentines are very fancy--decorated with paper lace, scented satin, feathers, ribbons, or bows. Some contain affectionate verses, while others simply say, "Be my Valentine". There are special Valentines for various family members, sweet hearts, and friends. People sometimes send anonymous valentines to the persons whom they are in secret love with. On that day, children usually buy packages of small, inexpensive valentines to give to classmates and teachers. Sweet-hearts and married couples may exchange more expensive cards, along with small gifts. Men often give red roses or chocolates wrapped up beautifully in red, heart-shaped boxes to their girlfriends or wives. All the following statements about Valentine’sDay are true except ______.A．Valentine’sDay is only celebrated by adults B．Valentine’sDay is a religious as well as a secular (俗世的) holiday C．the customs of Valentine can be traced far back to an ancient Roman holiday D．it’s possible for someone to receive a gift on this particular day without knowing its sender |
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| 第3题：TheEnglish word "veto" means "I will not permit". It is a way for one member of a group or government to (61) action by other members. For example, the United Nations SecurityCouncil (62) five permanent members, the United States,China,Britain, France and RussiA、 (63) can use the veto to block action by the whole group.Britain and France did this in 1956. They vetoed a resolution (64) Israel to withdraw its forces fromEgyptian territory. The most (65) use of the veto is by an executive over the legislative in a government with a president. The United StatesConstitution (66) such a veto. The (67) also says a president’s veto can be changed by a second vote ofCongress. This is called overriding the president’s veto. For a bill to become law, (68) of the members of both houses ofCongress (69) vote to override the president’s veto. ThroughoutAmerican history, presidents (70) more than 2 500 congressional bills.Congress has been able to override the president’s veto (71) 104 times. Presidents in the late 1800s and early 1700s did not use the veto frequently. In the 1940s,President Franklin Roosevelt vetoed more than 600 bills.But he was president for 12 years, much longer than anyone else. More recently, President Ronald Reagan vetoed (72) in his eight years in office.And GeorgeBush vetoed 44 bills in four years. Today,Congress is approving bills designed to (73) the size and cost of the federal government. PresidentClinton does not (74) all the congressional plans. He has different ideas about (75) parts of government should be cut and by how much. He already vetoed at least one of these bills. A．why B．what C．whose D．that |
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| 第4题：It’s not just your imagination. In cities from coast to coast, the use of Spanish is booming, and is proliferating in ways no other language has before in the U.S. history--other thanEnglish of course. It’s this sort of environment that is a cause for concern for many. Mauro Mujica heads a group called "U. S.English," which lobbies for officialEnglish laws across the country. He’s concerned that with so many Spanish speakers entering the country, the U.S. will become a nation split by language, much likeCanadA、 "Now we’re beginning to divide ourselves, to split along linguistic lines. We’re beginning to see pockets of people who speak other languages and noEnglish whatsoever. " His fear is hardly universal. Gregory Rodriguez is a fellow with the NewAmerica Foundation, a non-partisan think-tank based in Washington,D、C、He calls Mujica’s arguments "ridiculous. " "This process of immigrant enclaves (少数民族聚集地) and linguistic enclaves is an age-oldAmerican process. We’ve all heard the quotes fromBenjamin Franklin about his concerns that German-Americans would never assimilate. These concerns are as old as theAmerican republiC、" Rodriguez argues that the current boom in the use of Spanish is due ahnost entirely to new immigrants, and that their children will, at least for the most part, learnEnglish. He points to 1990 census data, which indicates that by the third generation, two-thirds of all Hispanic children speakEnglish exclusively. Whether that number is going up or down will be difficult to determine since theCensusBureau didn’t track that information in its most recent census. But there may be at least one piece of anecdotal evidence. Spanish-language movie theaters once flourished in the LosAngeles areA、There were dozens of these theaters just fifteen years ago. Today there are only seven. "There is a myth that somehow immigrants come to the most powerful nation in the world simply to resist its cultural embrace," says Rodriguez. "But it is a myth. " Immigrant enclaves are, of course, common throughoutAmerican History. German and Polish enclaves were common throughout the Midwest. The Italians flourished in New York.But those languages largely faded from use in the U.S. Few are predicting that will happen with Spanish. It’s here to stay, although we won’t know its ultimate impact for generations. It is implied in the passage that ______.A．it is too early to decide on the impact of the use of Spanish B．Spanish may fade from use in the U. S. , like other languages C．Spanish-speaking immigrants are more active in society D．the spread of Spanish is similar to that of other languages |
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| 第5题： The idea of being evaluated by ______ makes some managers uneasy. A．substance B．subsidy C．subordinates D．subsequence |
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