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The Operation of International Airli
The Operation of International Airlines
International airlines have rediscovered the business traveler, the man or woman who regularly jets from country to country as part of the job. This does not necessarily mean that airlines ever abandoned their business travelers. Instead, companies like Lufthansa and Swissair1 would right argue that they have always catered best for the executive class passengers. But many airlines could be accused of concentrating too heavily in the recent past on attracting passengers by volume, often at the expense of the regular traveler. Too often, they have seemed geared for quantity rather than quality.
Operating a major airline is essentially a matter of finding the right mix of passengers. The airlines need to fill up the back end of their wide-bodied jets with low fare passengers, without forgetting that the front end should be filled with people who pay substantially more for their tickets.
It is no coincidence that the two major airline bankruptcies were among the companies specializing in cheap flights. But low fares require consistently full aircraft to make flights economically viable, and in the recent recession the volume of traffic has not grown. Equally the large number of airlines jostling for the available passengers has created a huge excess of capacity. The net result of excess capacity and cut-throat competition driving down fares had been to push some airlines into collapse and leave many others hovering on the brink2.
Against this grim background, it is no surprise that airlines are turning increasingly towards the business travelers to improve their rates of return, They have invested much time and effort to establish exactly what the executive demands for sitting apart from the tourists.
High on the list of priorities is punctuality; an executive's time is money. In-flight service is another area where the airlines are jostling for the executive's attention. The free drinks and headsets and better food are all part of the lure.
Another development has been the accent of seating arrangements. Regular travelers have become well versed in the debate about seat pitch--the amount of room between each passenger. And first-class passengers are now offered sleeperette seats, which, for long journeys, make it possible to snatch a proper night's sleep. Sleeperettes have proved so popular that they will soon become universal in the front end of most aircraft.
The airlines are also trying to improve things on the ground. Executive lounges are commonplace and intended to make the inevitable waiting between flights a little more bearable. Luggage handling is being improved. Regrettably, there is little the airlines can do to speed up the boring immigration and Customs process, which manages to upset and frustrate passengers of all classes in every continent.
Although it is the airlines' intention to attract executive passengers from their rivals, the airlines themselves would nonetheless like to change one bad habit of this kind of traveler--the expensive habit of booking a flight and then failing to turn up. The practice is particularly widespread in Europe, where businessmen frequently book return journeys home one on several flights.
36、According to the passage, in operating airlines it is essential to
A．keep in mind the need of the executives only.
B．satisfy the need of the low fare passengers at the expense of the executives.
C．try to attract as many passengers as possible by reducing fares.
D．cater to the need of passengers sitting at both ends of the jets.
37、 The following are all mentioned as reasons why the airlines are having a hard time EXCEPT that
A．the tourist industry is experiencing an all-time low.
B．there is no increase in the number of passengers.
C．there are more seats on the planes than needed.
D．the competition between airlines is strong.
38、 The improvements the airlines attempt at include all the following EXCEPT
A．making their seats more comfortable.
B．providing better food during flights.
C．showing more movies during the long flights.
D．offering sleeperettes to first-class passengers.
39、 There is not much the airlines can do when it comes to
A．making sure the departures are not delayed.
B．the efficient handling of luggage.
C．speeding up customs procedure.
D．the improvement of the condition of waiting lounges.
40、 Which of the following is a bad habit of the executive passengers that frustrates the airlines?
A．They do not book their seats in advance.
B．They do not sit on the seats they are supposed to take.
C．They do not travel on the flight they have booked.
D．They do not pay in advance for the seats they book.
The view from my bedroom window was absolutely sp
The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular.
A magnificent
B general
C traditional
D strong
Architecture Architecture is to building as litera
Architecture
Architecture is to building as literature is to the printed word. The best buildings are often so well constructed that they outlast their original use. They then survive not only as beautiful objects， but as documents of the history of cultures. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art.
The renaissance brought about an entirely new age， not only in philosophy and literature but in the visual arts as well. In architecture， the principles and styles of ancient Greece and Rome were brought back to life and reinterpreted. They remain dominant until the 20th century.
Many kinds of stone are used as building materials. Stone and marble were chosen for important monuments because they are not burnable and can be expected to endure. Stone architecture was often blended with stone sculpture. The use of stone has declined， however， because a number of other materials are more adaptable to industrial use.
The complexity of modern life calls for a variety of building. More people live in mass housing and go to work in large office buildings; they spend their income in large shopping centers， send their children to many different kinds of schools， and when they are sick they go to specialized hospitals and clinics. All theses different types of buildings accumulated experiences needed by their designers.
By the middle of the 20th century， modern architecture， which was influenced by new technology and mass production， was dealing with increasingly complex social needs. Important characteristics of modern architectural works are expanses of glass and the use of reinforced concrete. Advances in elevator technology， air conditioning， and electric lighting have all had important effects.
23、Paragraph 2_____________.
24、 Paragraph 3_____________.
25、 Paragraph 4_____________.
26、 Paragraph 5_____________.
A．Building materials
B．Need of greater building varieties in modern life
C．Restoration of ancient civilizations
D．Evolution in style
E．factors affecting modern architecture
F．A social art
27、 Some buildings are so well constructed that they are not only useful______.
28、 Ancient Greek and Roman architectural styles， which were restored during renaissance， were still influential _____.
29、 As modern life becomes more complex， people have to put up many different kinds of buildings _____.
30、 The use of new building materials and the introduction of such new technology as the elevator and the air-conditioner have played an important role ______.
A．to meet their needs
B．but also beautiful to look at
C．in the development of modern architecture
D．to design more buildings
E．even in the 20th century
F．to outlast their original use
第6部分：完形填空(第52~65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处

第6部分：完形填空(第52~65题，每题1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
The contempt he felt for his fellow students was
The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious.
A. need
B. hate
C. love
D. pity
If we leave now，we should miss the traffic． A．
If we leave now，we should miss the traffic．
A．mix B．avoid C．direct D．stop
14 Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in a
Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance
A possible
B profitable
C easy
D wise
A New Citizenship Test 1 Last week, a sample of
A New Citizenship Test
1 Last week, a sample of the new US citizenship（公民身份）exam was released by the US Citizenship and Immigration Services（US-CIS）. It will be tried out in 10 cities early next year to replace the current test in 2008. Instead of asking how many stripes the US flag has, as the current test does, the new one asks why there are l3 stripes. Instead of having to name the branches of government, an applicant is asked to explain why there are three.
2 The goal is to make it more meaningful.” explains Emilio Gonzalez, director of the US—CIS. Immigrants who pass it are expected to have a better “understanding and respect” for US civic（公民的）values, Gonzalez says.
3 The US isn't the only country dealing with citizenship tests that aim to get a “shared commitment” from immigrants for their adopted country's “values”. In recent years, in addition to the usual requirement of language／work skills and economic status, several European countries have adopted citizenship tests. Britain introduced a new citizenship test last November. In March, a new Dutch law took effect requiring all would-be immigrants to take a citizenship test. it involved watching a video showing nude（裸体的） women bathing at beaches and gay（同性恋的）men kissing in public. The aim was to ensure that “newcomers will be comfortable with the country's liberal social mores（风俗）”.
4 Europe has been known for welcoming immigrants for decades. But, today, the fact is that some immigrants are kept apart from local citizens by culture and they become hostile to each other. Promoting integration has become a major concern for European countries, after the rioting in Muslim ghettoes（少数民族聚居区）in France and the killing of Dutch public figures by religious extremists.
5 Officials believe that a person's attachment to, a country can be tested by his or her knowledge of the country. However, some critics say that the changes can do little to help people assimilate（同化）themselves. ”Immigration is a culture war today. Is giving a new test the right way to lessen the accusations in that fight?” says Ali Noorani, of the Massachusetts Immigrant and Refugee Advocacy Coalition（难民辩护联盟）.
23 Paragraph 2 .
24 Paragraph 3 .
25 Paragraph 4 .
26 Paragraph 5 .
A Preparation for taking a citizenship test
B Citizenship tests in European countries
C Importance of promoting integration
D Necessity to know the branches of government
E Different views on the new citizenship test
F Goal of the new citizenship test
27 The questions in the new citizenship test are more difficult .
28 Would-be immigrants to the US are expected .
29 In the Dutch citizenship test, all would—be immigrants are required .
30 Some people fear that changes in the citizenship test will do little .
A to know a lot more about the county
B to watch a video
C to help immigrants accept the new culture
D to marry American citizens
E to do low-skill jobs
F to answer
Do we have to wear these name tags ? A. l
Do we have to wear these name tags?
A. lists
B. forms
C. lables
D. codes
第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)．一卤读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空
第6部分：完形填空 (第51～65题，每题1分，共15分) ．
一卤读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。