职称英语考试题库

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

High-Tech Warfare （战争）
Today， high-tech warfare is no longer an abstract concept， but a real issue.
Technology 　　　　　（51） tactics， sociology， and the development of weaponry （武器）。 It also causes the changes in battles. Then what are the new characteristics of modern battles 　　　　　（52） by the application of high technologies？
High4ech warfare naturally includes high technology. In modern battles， a single kind of weapon can hardly be 　　　　　（53）。 Various weaponry， such as intelligence detection and information processing， should 　　　　　（54） well with each other. Aerial （航空的） weaponry becomes the main force in battles in the sky. Precision homing （精确自导） weaponry like cruise missiles and missiles　　　　　 （55） satellite homing systems becomes the main attack weapons.
Battle control systems play a dominant role. Various weapons and logistics （后勤） systems are 　　　　　　　　　　（56） into a comprehensive framework， centrally representing the modern high4ech weaponry. Depending on various 　　　　　（57） equipment and means in electronic warfare， our army will not be passively beaten. 　　　　　（58） the battlefield， high-tech warfare has created a type of non-linear （非线性的） chaos.
Because of the use of long-range precision weaponry， the opposite parties in warfare can’t “touch” or “see” each other， and distance is no longer the decisive factor affecting the 　　　　　（59） of battles， it is hard to clearly define the lines between the frontier and the rear， as well as attack and defense. The traditional three-dimensional air-sea battlefield will be 　　　　　（60） by the multi-dimensional battlefield composed of air， sea， magnetic， electrical and information battlefields. No large-scale movements can be conducted 　　　　　（61）。　　Because modern weaponry systems are closely related to chains of demand and communication and electronic technology， the parties　　　　　 （62） have to pay attention to the usufruct （使用权） and control of electromagnetic frequency spectrum. So electronic warfare becomes　　　　　 （63） important and the necessary guarantee of victory. Whatever 　　　　　（64） warfare goes to and whatever cloak （宽大外衣） it wears， it always violates peace and brings the world bloodshed （流血）。 Most people think of high technology as a 　　　　　（65） to enhance， e their lives， and they don’t wish it to be used to destroy lives.
51 A.uses B.adopts   C.selects D.determines
52 A.processed B.brought   C.studied D.shared
53 A.effectivenbsp; B.active C.protective D.descriptive
54 A.play B.develop  C.work D.know
55 A.with B.on C.under D.of
56 A.conducted B.separated C.coded D.integrated
57 A.heavy B.advanced C.common D.standard
58 A.In spite of　B.In terms of C.Because of D.Regardless of
59 A.address B.space C.scene  D.course
60 A.replaced  B.repeated  C.rejected D.recovered
61 A.physically B.immensely C.secretly D.thoroughly
62 A.informed B.involved C.collected D.caught
63 A.equally B.interestingly　C.possibly D.increasingly
64 A.stage B.form C.effect D.source
65 A.rule B.direction C.way D.track

The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle
A fact
B mystery
C statement
D game

Recycling Around the World
Recycling is one of the best environmental success stories of the late 20th century. But we could do more. People must not see recycling .as fashionable， but essential.
The Japanese are very good at recycling because they live in a crowded country.
They do not have much space. They do not want to share their limited space with rubbish. But even so， Tokyo area alone is estimated to have three million tons of leftover rubbish at present.
In 1996， the United States recycled and composted （制成肥料）57 million tons of waste （27% of the nation’s solid waste）。 This is 57 million tons of waste which did not go into landfills and incinerators （焚化炉）。 In doing this， 7，000 rubbish collection programmes and recycling centres helped the authorities.
In Rockford， a city in Illinois， US， its officials choose one house each week and check its garbage （废物）。 If the garbage does not contain any newspapers or aluminium （铝） cans， then the resident of the house gets a prize of at least $1，000.
In Japan， certain cities give children weekly supplies of tissue paper and toilet paper in exchange for a weekly collection of newspapers.
In one year Britain recycles：
• 1 out of every 3 newspapers.
• 1 out of every 4 glass bottles and jars （罐子）。
• 1 out of every 4 items of clothing.
• 1 out of every 3 aluminium drink cans.
In 1999， Hong Kong transported 1.3 million tons of waste to mainland China for recycling. Around 535，000 tons of waste were recycled in Hong Kong itself.
Over half the things we throw away could be recycled. That means we could recycle
10 times as much as we do now.
However， recycling needs a lot of organisation and special equipment. Also， there is not much use for some recycled material.
31 Which of the following is NOT true of the Japanese？
A.They live in a crowded country.
B.They have recycled all their waste.
C.They are very good at recycling.
D.They have to share their limited space with rubbish
32 How much waste did the US recycle in 1996？
A.1.3 million tons.
B.27 million tons.
C.57 million tons.
D.53 million tons.
33 Where can people get a big prize for contributing to recycling？
A.Rockford.
B.Tokyo.
C.Hong Kong.
D.London.
34 In Japan， the newspapers collected by children
A.are given to poor people.
B.are used as reading materials.
C.are used as prizes.
D.are recycled.
35 Which of the following is NOT true of Britain？
A.It recycles 1 out of every 3 newspapers each year.
B.It recycles 1 out of every 4 glass bottles and jars each year
C.It recycles 1 out of every 3 aluminium cans each year.
D.It recycles 1 out of every 4 items of clothing each year.

Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.
A send         B hear          C confirm           D spread

She gets aggressive when she is drunk.
A offensive          B worried          C sleepy          D anxious

A Heroic Woman
The whole of the United States cheered its latest hero,Ashley Smith,with the Federal Bureau of lnvestigation saying it was planning to give a big reward to her for having a brave heart and wise mind.
(46)She was moving into her apartment in Atlanta,Georgia early on the morning of March 12,when a man followed her to her door and put a gun to her side.“I started walking to my door,and I felt really,really afraid,”she said in a TV interview last week.The man was Brian Nichols,33.He was suspected of killing three people at an Atlanta courthouse(法院)on March 11 and later of killing a federal agent.(47)
Nichols tied Smith up with tape,but released her after she repeatedly begged him not to take her life.“I told him if he hurt me,my little girl wouldn’t have a mummy,”she said.In order to calm the man down,she read to him from“The Purpose-Driven Life”,a best-selling religious book.He asked her to repeat a paragraph“about what you thought your purpose in life was-what talents were you given.”(48)
“I basically just talked to him and tried to gain his trust,”Smith said.
Smith said she asked Nichols why he chose her.“He said he thought I was an angel sent from God,and we were Christian sister and brogher,”she said.“And that he was lost,and that God led him to me to tell him that he had hurt a lot of peopole.”(49)She said Nichols was surprised when she made him breakfast and that the two of them watched television coverage(报道)of the police hunt for him.“I cannot believe that’s me,”Nichols told the woman.Then,Nichols asked Smith what she thought he should do.She said,“I think you should turn yourself in.If you don’t,lots more people are going to get hurt.”
Eventually,he let her go.(50)A US$60,000 reward had been posted for Nichols’ capture.Authorities said they did not yet know if Smith would be eligible(有资格的)for that money.
A.The local police were searching for him.
B.Smith is a 26-year-old single mother with a daughter.
C.Smith tried very hard to kill Nichols.
D.She even cooked breakfast for the man before he allowed her to leave.
E.And the two of them discussed this topic.
F.Then she called the police.

The American Family
In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are _________(51) enough, they take part as well. Foreigners are often surprised by the permissiveness（宽容） of American parents. The old rule that “children should be seen and not heard” is rarely_____________(52), and children are often allowed to do _________(53) they wish without strict control of their parents. The father seldom expects his children to listen to him_________(54) question, and children are encouraged to be ___________(55) at an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom_____________(56) far. Others think that a strong father image would not ____________(57) the American values of equality and independence. Because Americans emphasize the importance of independence, young people are expected to_____________(58) their parental families by the time they have _________(59) their late teens or early twenties. Indeed, not to do so is often regarded as a __________(60), a kind of weak dependence.
This pattern of independence often results in serious_____________(61) for the aging parents of a small family. The average American is expected to live ___________(62) the age of 70. The job-retirement age is _____________(63) 65. The children have left home, married, and ____________(64) their own households. At least 20 percent of all people over 65 do not have enough retirement incomes.__________(65) the major problem of many elderly couples is not economic. They feel useless and lonely with neither an occupation nor a close family group.
51   A  senior  B  junior   C  old     D  young
52   A  watched B  followed C  understood   D  grasped
53   A  what     B that     C  which       D  when
54   A  for       B  on     C  without    D  in
55  A  dependent  B  independent  C  sure    D  secure
56  A  too       B  almost   C  nearly     D  so
57  A  gain     B  welcome    C  suit       D  estimate
58  A  break up B  break into   C  break through     D  break away from
59  A  reached   B  come   C  arrived           D  developed
60  A  reward  B  criticism     C  failure      D  success
61  A  events  B  problems    C  matters          D  affairs
62  A  on     B  up         C  from        D  beyond
63  A  only  B  usually      C  sometimes    D seldom
64  A  set forth  B  set aside   C  set up      D  set down
65  A  But    B  Therefore   C  In contrast D  On the other hand

Things to Know about the UK
1From Buckingham Palace to Oxford,the UK is loaded with wonderful icons(标志)of past eras.But it has also modernized with confidence.It’s now better known for vibrant(充满活力的)cities with great nightlife and attraction.Fashions,fine dining,clubbing,shopping-the UK is among the world’s best.
2Most people have strong preconceptions about the British.But if you’re one of these people,you’d be wise to abandon those ideas.Visit a nightclub in one of the big cities,a football match,or a good local pub and you might more readily describe the English people as humorous and hospitable.It’s certainly true that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers,sports supporters,pet owners and gardeners than the UK.
3Getting around England is pretty easy.Budget(廉价的)airlines like Easyjet and Rynnair fly domestically.Trains can deliver you very efficiently from one major city to another.Long distance express buses are called coaches.Where coaches and buses run on the same route,coaches are more expensive (though quicker) than buses.London’s famous black cabs are excellent but expensive.Minicabs are cheaper competitors,with freelance(个体的)drivers.But usually you need to give a call first.London’s underground is called the Tube.It’s very convenient and can get you to almost any part of the city.
4The UK is not famous for its food.But you still need to know some of the traditional English foods.The most famous must be fish and chips.The fish and chips are deep fried in flour.English breakfast is something you need to try.It is fried bacon,sausages,fried eggs,black pudding,fried tomatoes,fried bread and baked beans,with toast and a pot of tea.Other things like shepherd’s pie and Yorkshire pudding are also well-known as a part of English food culture.
5Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of English nightlife,especially for the young.Pubbing means going to a pub with friends,having drinks,and chatting.Clubbing is different from pubbing and includes going to a pub,or a place of music,or a bar,or any other places to gather with friends.Clubbing can be found everywhere.Usually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing,such as no jeans,no sportswear,or smart clubwear,while pubbing is much more casual.
23.Paragraph 2 _______.
24.Paragraph 3 _______.
25.Paragraph 4 _______.
26.Paragraph 5 _______.
A.Education
B.People
C.Transport
D.Drinks
E.Food
F.Nightlife
27.The UK is a country that is_______..
28.The British people are_______..
29.Coaches in the UK are_______..
30.Fish and chips are_______..
A.faster but more expensive than buses
B.both ancient and modern
C.humorous and hospitable
D.cheap and efficient
E.traditional and famous
F.clever and hardworking

“Lucky” Lord Lucan—Alive or Dead
On 8th November 1974 Lord Lucan, a British aristocrat, vanished. The day before, his children’s nanny had been brutally murdered and his wife had been attacked too. To this day the British public are still interested in the murder case because Lucan has never been found. Now, over 30 years later, the police have reopened the case, hoping the new DNA techniques will help solve the murder mystery.
People suspected that “Lucky”, as he was called by friends, wanted to kill his wife he no longer lived with. They say that Lucan entered his old house and in the dark, killed the nanny by mistake. His estranged wife heard noises, came downstairs and was also attacked, but managed to escape. Seven months after the murder, a jury concluded that Lucan had killed the nanny.
What happened next is unclear, but there are several theories which fall into one of three categories: he may have killed himself, he could have escaped or he might have been killed. It appears that the night after the murder, “Lucky” borrowed a car and drove it, Lucan’s friend Aspinall said in an interview that he thought Lucan had committed suicide by sinking his boat in the English Channel.
Another version of events says that “Lucky” left the blood-soaked car on the coast and took a ferry to France. He was met there by someone who drove him safety in another country. However, after a time, his rescuers became worried that they would become involved in the murder too and so Lucan was killed.
A further fascinating theory was made in the book Dead Lucky by Duncan MacLaughlin, a former detective. He believes that Lucan travelled to Goa, India, where he assumed the identity of a Mr. Barry Haplin. Lucan then lived in Goa till his death in 1996. In the end the claim turned out to be a case of mistaken identity. The man who died in 1996 was really Haplin, an ex-schoolteacher turned hippy. So what is the truth about “Lucky”? DNA testing has solved many murder cases, but who knows if it can close the book on the one.


36.The public are still interested in the investigation because ____.
A. of the terrible murder
B. of the use of new DNA techniques
C. Lord Lucan has never been found(the murderer has not been caught)
D. lord Lucan was famous


37.It is thought that Lucan killed the nanny because ____.
A. she was looking after the children
B. she was a friend of Lucan’s
C. it was dark and he thought she was lady Lucan(she was mistaken for his wife)
D. lord Lucan thought the nanny stole his car


38.Aspinall thought Lucan killed himself by ____.
A. jumping into water
B. jumping out of his house
C. sailing his boat
D. sinking his boat


39.Lucan could have been killed because people ____.
A. didn’t want the police to catch him
B. thought he might talk to the police about them if he was caught(has escaped but was killed later)
C. were unhappy with him
D. thought he was rich


40.Ex-detective MacLaughlin claimed that Mr. Barry Haplin ____.
A. was an old schoolteacher
B. died in Goa, India
C. was really Lord Lucan in disguise
D. was a merchant

Like fine food, good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last._______(46) Quite the contrary, just as the cook has to undergo an intensive training, mastering the skills of his trade, the writer must sit at his desk and devote long hours to achieving a style in his writing, whatever its purpose-school work, matters of business, or purely social communication.___________(47)There are still some remote places in the world where you might find someone to do your business or social writing for you, for a fee. There are a few mangers who are lucky enough to have the service of that rare kind of secretary who can take care of all sorts of letter writing with no more than a quick note to work from._____________(48)We have to write school papers, business papers or home papers. We are constantly called on to put words to paper. It would be difficult to count the number of such words, messages, letters, and reports put to the mails or delivered by hand, but the daily figure must be enormous.__________(49) We want to arouse and hold the interest of readers. We want whatever we write to be read, from first word to last, not thrown into some “letters-to-be-read” file or into a wastepaper basket._____________(50)


A But for most of us, if there is any writing to be done, we have to do it ourselves.
B However, the managers may sometimes cause the writers a lot of trouble.
C Any good writers, like good cooks, do not suddenly appear full-blown(成熟的)
D What is more, everyone who writes expects, or at least hopes, that his writing will be read.
E This is the reason we bend our efforts toward learning and practicing the skills of interesting, effective writing.
F You may be sure that the greater the effort, the more effective the writing, and the more rewarding.

7  The traditional paintings are (exhibited) on the second floor.
A displayed
B laid
C kept
D stored

15 Ten years after the event, her death still remains a (puzzle).
A mist
B fog
C secret
D mystery

A Tale of Scottish Rural Life
Lewis Grassic Gibbon's Sunset Song（1932）was voted “the best Scottish novel of all time” by Scotland's reading public in 2005. Once considered shocking for its frank description of aspens of the lives of Scotland’s poor rural farmers. It has been adapted for stage, film, TV and radio in recent decades.
The novel is set on the fictional estate of Kinraddie, in the farming country of the Scottish northwest in the years up to and beyond World War l. At its heart is the story of Chris, who is both part of the community and a little outside it.
Grassic Gibbon gives US the most detailed and intimate account of the life of his heroine（女主人公）. We watch her grow through a childhood dominated by her cruel but hard-working father；experience tragedy（her mother's suicide and murder of her twin children）; and learn about her feelings as she grows into a woman. We see her marry, lose her husband, then marry again. Chris has seemed so convincing a figure to some female readers that they cannot believe that she is the creation of a man.
But it would be misleading to suggest that this book is just about Chris. 1t is truly a novel of a place and its people. Its opening section tells of Kinraddie's long history, in a language that imitates the place’s changing patterns of speech and writing.
The story itself is amazingly full of characters and incidents. It is told from Chris’ point of view but also from that of the gossiping community, a community where everybody knows eye, body else’s business and nothing is ever forgotten.
Sunset Song has a social theme too. It is concerned with what Grassic Gibbon perceives as the destruction of traditional Scottish rural life first by modernization and then by World War l. Gibbon tried hard to show how certain characters resist the war. Despite this, the war takes the young men away, a number of them to their deaths. In particular, it takes away Chris’ husband, Ewan Tavendale. The war finally kills Ewan, but not in the way his widow is told. In fact, the Germans aren’t responsible for his death, but his own side. He is shot because he is said to have run away from a battle.
If the novel is about the end of one way of life it also looks ahead. It is a “Sunset Song” but is concerned too with the new Kinraddie, indeed of the new European world. Grassic Gibbon went on to publish two other novels about the place that continue its story.
36 What is Sunset Song mainly about?
A The First World War.
B The beauty of the sunset.
C The new European world.
D The lives of rural Scottish farmers.
37 Which statement is NOT true of Chris?
A She is the heroine of Sunset Song.
B She had a miserable childhood.
C She is the creation of a man.
D She married only once.
38 What is the opening section of the novel mainly concerned with?
A The climate of Kinraddie.
B The history of Kinraddie.
C The geography of Kinraddie.
D The language spoken in Kinraddie.
39 Who killed Chris' husband, Ewan?
A His own troops.
B The French army
C The Germans. .
D The Russian soldiers.
40 The word “Sunset” in the title of this novel most probably means
A the end of the heroine's life.
B the end of the story.
C the end of the traditional way of life.
D the end of the day.

How technology pushes down price
1　Prices have fallen in the food business because of advances in food production and distribution technology. Consumers have benefited greatly from those advances. People who predicted that the world would run out of food were wrong. We are producing more and more food with less and less capital. Food is therefore more plentiful and cheaper than it has ever been. Spending on food compared with other goods has fallen for many years, and continues to drop.
2　Supermarkets have helped push down prices mainly because of their scale. Like any big business, they can invest in IT systems that make them efficient. And their size allows them to buy in bulk. As supermarkets get bigger, the prices get lower.
3　Huge retail companies such as Wal-Mart have tremendous power and they can put pressure on producers to cut their margins. As a result, some producers have had to make cuts. In recent years, Unilever has cut its workforce by 33,000 t0 245,000 and dropped lots of its minor brands as part of its "path to growth" strategy. Cadbury has shut nearly 20 per cent of its 133 factories and cut 10 per cent of its 55,000 global workforce. These cuts help keep costs down, and the price of food stays low.
4　Does cheap food make people unhealthy? Cheap food may encourage people to eat more. Food companies certainly think that giving people more food for their money makes them buy more. Giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better deal. That is why portions have got larger and larger. In America, soft drinks came in 80z (225g) cans in the past, then 120z (350g), and now come in 200z (550g) cans.1f a company can sell you an 80z portion for $7, they can sell you a 120z portion for $8. The only extra cost to the company is the food, which probably costs 25 cents.
5　Now companies are under pressure to stop selling bigger portions for less money. But it is hard to change the trend.
Paragraph 1______
Paragraph 2______
Paragraph 3______
Paragraph 4______
A.　Huge retailers force producers to cunt costs
B.　Consumers like supermarkets
C.　Technology helps reduce food prices
D.　Food comes cheaper in larger portions
E.　Chain stores provide better service
F.　Bigger supermarkets offer lower prices
27. Big supermarkets can offer food at lower prices because they can buy in___
28. Some food producers have reduced___
29. Besides cutting its workforce, Unilever also abandoned its___
30. Buyers like bigger portion because they think they have got___
A.　their workforce
B.　huge portions
C.　large quantities
D.　their money
E.　a good barging
F.　minor brands

第四部分：阅读理解(第31~45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

It took us a long time to mend the house．
A  build 
B destroy
C design 
D  repair

All the walls in the building had the same layout.
A. size
B. function
C. color
D. arrangment