专四专八考试

【单选题】

A、Frenchman, the psychologistAlfredBinet, published the first standardized test of human intelligence in 1905.But it was anAmerican, Lewis Terman, a psychology professor at Stanford, who thought to divide a test taker’s "mental age", as revealed by that score, by his or her chronological age to derive a number that he called the "intelligence quotient", or IQ. It would be hard to think of a pop-scientific coinage that has had a greater impact of the way people think about themselves and others.
No country embraced the IQ--and the application of IQ testing to restructure society--more thoroughly than the U.S..Every year millions ofAmericans have their IQ measured, many with a direct descendant ofBinet’s original test, the Stanford-Binet, although not necessarily for the purposeBinet intendeD、He developed his test as a way of identifying public school students who needed extra help in learning, and that is still one of its leading uses.
But the broader and more controversial use of IQ testing has its roots in a theory of intelligence--part science, part sociology --that developed in the late 19th century, beforeBinte’s work and entirely separate from it.Championed first byCharlesDarwin’ s cousin Francis Galton, it held that intelligence was the most valuable human attribute, and that if people who had a lot of it could be identified and put in leadership positions, all of society would benefit.
Terman believed IQ tests should be used to conduct a great sorting out of the population, so that young people would be assigned on the basis of their scores to particular levels in the school system, which would lead to corresponding socioeconomic destinations in adult life. The beginning of the IQ-testing movement overlapped with the eugenics movement--hugely popular inAmerica andEurope among the "better sort" before Hitler gave it a bad name--which held that intelligence was mostly inherited and that people-deficient in it should be discouraged from reproducing. The state sterilization that Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes notoriously endorsed in a 1927 SupremeCourt decision was done with an IQ score as justification.
TheAmerican IQ promoters scored a great coup during World War I when they persuaded theArmy to give IQ tests to 1.7 million inductees. It was the world’s first mass administration of an intelligence test, and many of the standardized tests in use today can be traced back to it: the now ubiquitous and obsessed-over SAT(StudyAbility Test); the Wechsler, taken by several million people a year, according to its publisher; and Terman’ s own National Intelligence Test, originally used in tracking elementary school children.All these tests took from theArmy the basic technique of measuring intelligence mainly by asking vocabulary questions (synonyms, antonyms, analogies, reading comprehension).

IQ test is origin ally used to ______.A．find out the students who need extra help in learning
B．assign young people to different majors
C．select the acceptable recruits for army
D．select the leaders for society

网考网参考答案：A
网考网解析：
[点拨] 见第四段，overlap意为重合、交迭，刚开始，IQ测试同优生运动交迭。故选A。 document.getElementById("warp").style.display="none"; document.getElementById("content").style.display="block"; 查看试题解析出处>>