下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题。
{{B}}第一篇{{/B}}The phrase "function in the disservice of one another" (ParA、1) most probably means______.A．betray each other
The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the world’s great writers.Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts.Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply.Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are.Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function is the disservice of one another.
Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups in inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not.Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.
Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.
Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.
B．harm one another
C．help to collaborate with each other
D．benefit one anotherTheconferenceexploredthepossibilityofclo
The conference explored the possibility of closer trade links.
A、denied
B、investigated
C、stressed
D、createdHe is determined to consolidate his power A stre
He is determined to consolidate his power
A strengthen B control C abandon D exerciseIwanttoprovidemyboyswitha(decent)educati
I want to provide my boys with a (decent) education. A．good
B．special
C．private
D．generalOntheTrainThenighttrainfromGlasgowwassoc
On the TrainThe night train from Glasgow was so crowded thatDonald, who was on his way to London to find a temporary job for the university vacation, wished that he had decided to travel by day. He had never been so hard up.He got on the train and walked along the corridor of the second-class compartments. He couldn’’t find a seat anywhere. He could not afford to travel first class, and he did not want to stand in the corridor. Neither did he want to sit on his suitcase. He was so tired that he decided to sit down in a first class compartment at least for a while. He soon found one with a single occupant (乘客) , a gentleman reading documents from a briefcase. With the self-assurance of a first class traveler, he opened the door and went in. No sooner had he sat down than the ticket inspector arriveD、What bad luck! Now he would have to pay the excess (额外的) fare.As he turned out his pocket to find enough money he saw the gentleman was watching him with amusement. It was humiliating (令人感到羞辱的). However, he was so tired that he soon fell asleep.Presently, hearing a noise, he half opened his eyes. Not only did he notice that his traveling companion had gone, but he also saw that a rough-looking man was searching through the businessman’’s briefcase.Donald grabbed the briefcase and wrenched (猛夺) it free, kicking at the man’’s leg. The man fleD、Then the businessman returned and foundDonald holding the briefcase and peering inside it.Donald realized that he was in quite an awkward situation, but the man was smiling. Nor was this the only surprising thing. Not only was the gentleman (who introduced himself as Mr. Smith) smiling, but he thankedDonald warmly. On his way back to the compartment, Mr. Smith had seen the man leaving in a great hurry. He had so quickly assessed the situation that he knewDonald was innocent.Only after a long chat, in whichDonald was asked many questions about himself, didDonald discover that Mr. Smith was in fact managing director of a large factory in London.Donald had never imagined that this strange incident would help him to find a job, but just as they were leaving the train, Mr. Smith offered him the post of temporary Night Security Officer for his factory. Mr. Smith realized thatDonald was innocent______.
A、after he had swiftly evaluated the situation
B．before he met the fleeing man
C．after he had a long chat withDonald
D．after he checked the briefcaseHismotiveincomingwastofindoutthetruth.A．
His motive in coming was to find out the truth.A．reasons
B．arguments
C．targets
D．stimuliInternetInternetuseappearstocauseadropin
Internet
Internet use appears to cause a drop in psychological health, according to research atCarnegie Mellon University.
Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more bad feelings and loneliness than those who was online less frequently, the two-year study showeD、Researchers are puzzling over the results, which were completely contrary to their expectations. They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television, since the Net allows users to choose their information and to commnunicate with others.
The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may account for the drop in psychological health, researchers hypothesized (推测). Faceless, bodiless "virtual" communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation, and the relationships formed through it may be shallower.Another possibility is that exposure to the wider world through the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.
"But it’s important to remember this is not about the technology, it’s about how it is used," says psychologistChristine Riley of Intel, one of the study’s sponsors. "It really points to the need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology. \
Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passageA．How to Use the Internet
B．Disadvantages of the Internet
C．Social Factors and the Internet
D．Internet MayCauseBad Feelings
People'sattitudestotheTVprogramhavechang
People' s attitudes to the TV program have changed a lot.- A. displayed
- B. shown
- C. shifted
- D. described
DoyoufollowwhatIamsayingA．changeB．invest
Do you follow what I am sayingA．change
B．investigate
C．write
D．understandExerciseCutsCancerDeathsinMenMenwhoexerc
ExerciseCutsCancerDeaths in Men
Men who exercise often are less likely to die from cancer than those who (51) , new research published in theBritish Journal ofCancer revealed yesterday.
A、team of scientists from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden looked (52) the effect of physical activity and cancer risk in 40,708 men (53) between 45 and 79.
The seven-year study found that men (54) walked or cycled for at least 80 minutes a day had a 84 percent lower risk of (55) from cancer than the men who did less exercise or nothing at all. (56) the period studied, 3,714 men developed cancer and 1,153 died from the disease. The researchers suggest that half an hour’s walking (57) cycling a day increased survival among these men by 33 percent.
The researchers surveyed men from two counties in central Sweden about their lifestyle and the amount of (58) activity they were usually doing. They then scored these responses and compared the results (59) data on cancer diagnosis and death officially recorded in a central cancer registry over a seven year perio
D、
Lead author, ProfessorAlicja Wolk, said: "These results clearly show for the first time the effect that very simple and basic daily (60) such as walking or cycling has in reducing cancer death risk in middle-aged and elderly (61) "
Dr Lesley Walker, director of cancer information atCancer Research UK, said: "This study gives us a clear indication that men who exercise are less (62) to die from cancer, and that they are more likely to (63) the disease if they get it. It’s not entirely clear from this study what role exercise plays in preventing (64) in men, but we do know that a healthy lifestyle can prevent up to half of all cancers and (65) exercise forms a key part of this. \
A．lose
B．miss
C．treat
D、surviveGroomingandPersonalHygieneofAmericansGro
Grooming and Personal Hygiene ofAmericans
Grooming and personal hygiene have been around for ages. It’s hard to imagine a time when people weren’t concerned with taking care of their appearance and their bodies. Perhaps these practices started whenAdam first took a bath and combed his hair before going on a date withEve. Or maybe they began whenEve put on some herbal makeup to make herself more beautiful. No matter where they started, grooming and personal hygiene have become important parts of everyone’s daily routine.
There used to be an old joke inAmerica that people should take a bath once a week, whether they need one or not. In fact, though,Americans generally take a bath or more commonly, a shower every day.But in contrast to some cultures, mostAmericans get their shower in the morning, so they can start the day fresh.And instead of going to a beauty parlor for a shampoo, manyAmericans prefer to wash and style their own hair. So ifAmericans have a bad hair day, they have no one to blame but themselves.But most people inAmerica do head for the beauty parlor or barbershop occasionally for a haircut, a perm or just some friendly conversation.
Americans are known for having very sensitive noses. InAmerica, "BO." (body odor) is socially unacceptable. For that reason,Americans consider the use of deodorant or antiperspirant a must. Ladies often add a touch of perfume for an extra fresh scent. Men may splash on after-shave lotion or manly-smelling cologne.Another cultural no-no inAmerica is bad breath.Americans don’t like to smell what other people ate for lunch-especially onions or garliC、Their solution Mouthwash, breath mints and even brushing their teeth after meals.
Americans put great value on both grooming and personal hygiene. For some people, taking care of themselves has become almost a religion.As the old saying goes, "Cleanliness is next to godliness." Whether or not being clean and we!l-groomed brings one closer to God, it certainly brings one closer to others.Americans look down on people who don’t take care of themselves, or who "let themselves go." ToAmericans, even if we don’t have much to work with, we have to make the best of what we’ve got.
What’s the reason for the use of deodorant or antiperspirantA．Because they like them.
Because they want to be more charming.
C．Because they prefer to be good-looking.
D．Because body odor is socially unacceptablA.sincehereturnedB.thathisteammatescanno
A、since he returned
B、that his teammates cannot help admiring him
C、that he is often yelled at by the coach
D、who can play basketball so well
E、because he had been injured
F. if Houston hopes to winMylittledaughterkeptpullingmyhairandIwas
My little daughter kept pulling my hair and I was really (annoyed).
A、angry
B．hurt
C．troubled
D．stimulatingTheConstitution'svaguenaturehasgivenitth
The Constitution's vague nature has given it the flexibility to be adapted when circumstances change.A．imprecise
B．apparent
C．clear
D．easyTheJapaneseworkerisfondofhiscompany'spro
The Japanese worker is fond of his company's products because ofA．his marriage with the daughter of the president.
B．the close link between him and his company.
C．his willingness to work overtime.
D．his active participation in quality control.阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。A．substitute
Since the end of World War Ⅱ, international trade has developed dramatically.All countries in the modern world join in worldwide trade, through which various sorts of merchandise and{{U}} (51) {{/U}}materials are exported in{{U}} (52) {{/U}}for foreign currency, which means income wealth from{{U}} (53) {{/U}}and job opportunity at home, and in the meantime, foreign goods are imported to provide consumers with{{U}} (54) {{/U}}and welcome merchandise. Today, economic interdependence among countries is so{{U}} (55) {{/U}}that no country can close its doors to the outside world, and the more prosperous the national economy, the more developed the foreign trade.Economic globalization is now a{{U}} (56) {{/U}}in the worlD、
But in the past when old and new colonialism ruled the world there was no free and fair trade at all. Powers,{{U}} (57) {{/U}}theBritish empire, the United States, Russia, Japan, divided the world into their spheres of influence—their colonies or dependencies, where their businessmen{{U}} (58) {{/U}}their merchandise at high prices and bought{{U}} (59) {{/U}}raw materials and labor at low prices.{{U}} (60) {{/U}}of wealth flowed to these powers which then grew prosperous,{{U}} (61) {{/U}}the colonies were driven into destitution (贫困). The national economy of colonies was innately defective. Their industries could not survive the overwhelming{{U}} (62) {{/U}}of imports from the powers. Their monotonous national economy{{U}} (63) {{/U}}in production of one or two agricultural crops or{{U}} (64) {{/U}}products or minerals, to be sold in international market, for example, orange and sugarcane inCuba, banana and coffee in SouthAmerica, coal in Poland, all{{U}} (65) {{/U}}to supply-demand relation in world market under control of the powers.Even their customs were governed by officials from the powers, whose exported goods thus could enter the colonies nearly duty-free. It was after the collapse of colonialist system all over the world that free and fair international trade, at least theoretically, could be possible.
B．charge
C．communication
D．exchange{{B}}第二篇{{/B}}Anewinternationalstudyshow
{{B}}第二篇{{/B}}If people don’t stop smoking, they will ______.A．pollute the air
The study describes smoking as the biggest cause to deadly diseases among grown-ups in industrial countries. So far most of the smoking deaths have happened on men, especially in developing countries.
A、researcher at the World Health Organization says 70% ofChinese men smoke more than 15 cigarettes each day. In LatinAmerica about 50% of the men are smokers. There also is a very large number of smokers in the former Soviet Union(苏联)and in the eastEurope.And 25% of all smoking deaths worldwide are in those areas of the worlD、Scientists say smoking will kill 50% of the countries.
Smoking is known to cause lung cancer. It also can lead to cancer of the mouth and other parts of bodies. Smokers are more likely than non-smokers to suffer from heart disease.
Experts say that people reduce their chance of dying from smoking if they stop smoking completely. They say smokers who give up smoking can improve their health.
B．waste a lot of money
C．become stupid
D．be in poor healthNaturalHealthCareNaturalhealthcareisaphi
Natural HealthCareNatural health care is a philosophy and a set of principles and practices based on science that lead to an extraordinary level of personal health and happiness.It recognizes the unity of all life and holds that physical, mental, and emotional health cannot be separated, and that personal health, environmental health, and community health are parts of a whole. Natural hygiene (卫生学) teaches that the best way to achieve best health is right living—developing self-esteem and a positive attitude towards life; eating fresh, whole natural foods; exercising regularly; getting plenty of rest and sleep; getting plenty of fresh air and sunshine; learning to handle stress; and avoiding all negative influences of life. Basic principles: Natural health care is unique in its argument that health is normal—as simple as living in harmony with nature. Health and disease are a continuum (连续统一体)—the same physiological (生理的) laws govern the body in sickness and in health. Healing (康复) is a biological process—except in extraordinary circumstances, healing is the result of actions undertaken by the body on its own behalf.The tradition of natural health care: The traditional principles of natural hygiene are explained by Herbert M. Shelton in his Natural Hygiene: The Plain Way of Life. Shelton writes: It should not require argument to convince intelligent men and women that man can return to health and strength only upon a basis of law, natural law, specifically, upon a basis of those laws that operate to make human life possible.All laws essential to the welfare of man are written in his own constitution.Every rule of human conduct to be valued in promoting human welfare and happiness must be in harmony with his nature. No law, no social custom, no moral principle, can have any validity (有效性) for man that does not agree with his highest welfare. If it is not closely related to man’’s highest physical, moral and intellectual fitness, it cannot be consistent with his highest ideals of truth, duty and enjoyment. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of right living
A、Taking a positive attitude towards life.
B．Learning to give in.
C．Sleeping as much as possible.
D．Exercising regularly.Thisarticlerequiresmoreattentiontothepro
This article requires more attention to the problem of cultural interference.- A. calls for
- B. applies for
- C. cares for
- D. allows for