考博考试题库

Theaveragepopulationdensityoftheworldis4
The average population density of the world is 47 persons per square mile.Continental densities range from no permanent inhabitants inAntarctica to 211 per square mile inEurope. In the western hemisphere, population densities range from about 4 per square mile inCanada to 675 per square mile in Puerto Rico. InEurope the range is from 4 per square mile in Iceland to 831 per square mile in the Netherlands. Within countries there are wide variations of population densities. For example, inEgypt, the average is 55 persons per square mile, but 1,300 persons inhabit each square mile in settled portions where the land is arable.
High population densities generally occur in regions of developed industrialization, such as the Netherlands,Belgium, and GreatBritain, or where lands are intensively used for agriculture, as in Puerto Rico and Jav
A、
Low average population densities are characteristic of most underdeveloped countries. Low density of population is generally associated with a relatively low percentage of cultivated lanD、This generally results from poor-quality lands. It may also be due to natural obstacles to cultivation, such as deserts, mountains or malaria-infested jungles, to land uses other than cultivation, as pasture and forested land, to primitive methods that limit cultivation, to social obstacles, and to land ownership systems which keep land out of production.
More economically advanced countries of low population density have, as a rule, large proportions of their populations living in urban areas. Their rural population densities are usually very low. Poorer developed countries of correspondingly low general population density, on the other hand, often have a concentration of rural population living on arable land, which is as great as the rural concentration found in the most densely populated industrial countries.
This passage has probably been taken from ______.
A、a gazetteer
B．an almanac
C．a textbook on economics
D．a world geography book
A．Heoftenhadnightmares.B．Hisfamilyhadtom

A、He often had nightmares.
B．His family had to move too often with him.
C．His family had to move too often with him.
D．His job often took him away from home.
Assumingthataconstanttravel-timebudget,g

Assuming that a constant travel-time budget, geographic constraints and short-term infrastructure constraints persist as fundamental features of global mobility, what long-term results can one expect In high-income regions, {{U}} (41) {{/U}} NorthAmerica, our picture suggests that the share of traffic {{U}} (42) {{/U}} supplied by buses and automobiles will decline as high-speed transport rises sharply. In developing countries, we {{U}} (43) {{/U}} the strongest increase to be in the shares first for buses and later for automobiles. Globally, these {{U}} (44) {{/U}} in bus and automobile transport are partially offsetting. In all regions, the share of lowspeed mil transport will probably continue its strongly {{U}} (45) {{/U}} decline.
We expect that throughout the period 1990～2050, the {{U}} (46) {{/U}} NorthAmerican will continue to devote most of his or her 1.1-hour travel-time {{U}} (47) {{/U}} to automobile travel. The very large demand {{U}} (48) {{/U}} air travel (or high-speed mil travel) that will be manifest in 2050 {{U}} (49) {{/U}} to only 12 minutes per person a day; a little time goes a long way in the air. In several developing regions, most travel {{U}} (50) {{/U}} in 2050 will still be devoted to nonmotorized modes.Buses will persist {{U}} (51) {{/U}} the primary form of motorized transportation in developing countries for decades.{{U}} (52) {{/U}} important air travel becomes, buses, automobiles and {{U}} (53) {{/U}} lowspeed trains will surely go on serving vital functions.{{U}} (54) {{/U}} of the super-rich already commute and shop in aircraft, but average people will continue to spend most of their travel time on the {{U}} (55) {{/U}}.
A．admire
B．assure
C．assert
D．anticipate
Malnutritionduringweaningage—whenbreastm
Malnutrition during weaning age—when breast milk is being replaced by semi-solid foods—is highly prevalent in children of poor households in many developing countries. While the etiology (病因学) is complex and multifactorial, the immediate causes are recognized as feeding at less than adequate levels for child growth and development, and recurrent infections, including diarrhea, resulting mainly from ingestion of contaminated foods.As a result, many young children, particularly between six months to two years of age, experience weight loss and impaired growth and development.
Studies by investigators in various countries have concentrated on traditional food preparation methods and have resulted in offering cheap and practical answers to these problems based on familiar, indigenous and culturally acceptable home processing practices.
Two such answers have arisen. Firstly, cereal fermentation is used for reducing the risk of contamination under the existing inappropriate conditions for food preparation and storage in many households. Secondly, a tiny amount of sprouted grains flour is used in preparation of weaning foods as a magic way to lessen the viscosity without decreasing energy density.

A、method to eliminate pathogenic (致病的) bacteria and inhibit their growth during storage of weaning preparations can benefit nutrition and health in young children considerably. Use of fermented foods for feeding children of weaning age appears to be an effective solution. Fermented foods have lower levels of diarrhoeal germ contamination, they are suitable for child feeding, and can be safely stored for much longer periods of time than fresh foods. The practice has been a traditional way of food preservation in many parts of the worlD、The anti-microbial properties of fermented foods and their relative higher safety—documented since the early 1900’s—have been indicated in a number of studies.
In Ghana, it is common to ferment maize dough before cooking it as porridge. In Kenya, cereal-based porridge and milk are traditionally fermenteD、Preserving milk in the form of yogurt has been known to many households living in hot climate.
What are the underlying mechanisms by which fermentation processes help to prevent or reduce contamination
A、possible answer suggests that during the fermentation process foods become more aciD、This explains why diarrhea-causing bacteria are not able to grow in fermented foods as rapidly as in unfermented ones. It is also hypothesized that some of the germs present in the foods are killed or inhibited from growing through the action of antimicrobial substances produced during fermentation. The fermented foods can, therefore, be kept for a longer time compared to fresh ones. It has been shown that while contamination levels in cooked unfermented foods increase with storage time, fermented foods remain less contaminateD、
Whatever the underlying mechanisms, the fact is that the exercise reduces contamination without adding to the household cost both in terms of time and money. Its preparation is easy. The cereal flour is mixed with water to form a dough which is left to be fermented; addition of yeast (酵母), or mixing with a small portion of previously fermented dough is sometimes needeD、The dough can then be cooked into porridge for feeding to the chilD、
Although beneficial, unfortunately the practice is going out of fashion, partly because of current emphasis on the use of fresh foods, particularly for children. For example, a study on the use of fermented foods for young children in Kenya, demonstrated that while foods are still frequently fermented at home for child feeding, their use is becoming less popular, particularly in urban area where commercial products are more available.Clearly they now need to be promoteD、
Directions:
The statements below relate to the passage you have just reaD、Identify whether they are TRUE、or FALSE、and mark the c
Sheisso______thatshecriedfordayswhenherp
She is so ______ that she cried for days when her pet rabbit died.A．sensitive
B．sensible
C．sensory
D．senseless
Accordingtothelastparagraph,successfulco
According to the last paragraph, successful companies in the future will ______.A．give up the use of computer monitoring
B．introduce new legislation
C．increase operating costs
D．try hard to make employees feel better about themselves and their jobs
Inthepastfewyears,severalplagiarism(抄袭，剽
In the past few years, several plagiarism (抄袭，剽窃) cases have been exposed inChina; some involve professors and famous scholars while some others involve graduate students who are working as researchers. Please write a composition of no less than 200 words on your attitude towards plagiarism. You may also illustrate your opinion on academic integrity (正直) and give suggestions on how to preserve it in the academic worl
D、
Additionofanychemicalcompoundtotheenviro
Addition of any chemical compound to the environment in quantities ______ a significant fraction of the total content of gasoline may have unexpected environmental consequences.A．that constitute
B．which constitutes
C．that are substituted by
D．which substitute
Oneofthebasiccharacteristicsofcapitalism

One of the basic characteristics of capitalism is the private ownership of the major means of production-capital. The ownership of large amounts of capital can bring {{U}} (61) {{/U}} profits, as well as economic and political power. Some recent theorists, {{U}} (62) {{/U}} have argued that our society has moved to a new stage of {{U}} (63) {{/U}} that they call "postindustrial" society. One important change in such society is that the ownership of {{U}} (64) {{/U}} amounts of capital is no longer the only or even the most important {{U}} (65) {{/U}} of profits and influence; knowledge as well as {{U}} (66) {{/U}} capital brings profits and influence.
There are many {{U}} (67) {{/U}} with the thesis above, not the least of {{U}} (68) {{/U}} is that wealthy capitalists can buy the experts and knowledge they need to keep their profits and influence.But this does not {{U}} (69) {{/U}} the importance of knowledge in an advanced industrial society, as the {{U}} (70) {{/U}} of some new industries indicates. {{U}} (71) {{/U}}, genetic engineering and the new computer technology have {{U}} (72) {{/U}} many new firms and made some scientists quite rich. In {{U}} (73) {{/U}} with criticism of the postindustrial society thesis, however, it must also be {{U}} (74) {{/U}} that those already in control of huge amounts of capital (i. e. , major corporations) soon {{U}} (75) {{/U}} to take most profits in these industries based on new knowledge.
Moving down from the level of wealth and power, we still find knowledge increasingly {{U}} (76) {{/U}}. Many new high-tech jobs are being created at the upper-skill, low-paying service {{U}} (77) {{/U}}. Something like a caste line is emerging centered around knowledge. Individuals who fall too far behind in the {{U}} (78) {{/U}} of knowledge at a young age will find it almost impossible to catch up later, no matter how hard they try, Illiteracy in theEnglish language has been a severe {{U}} (79) {{/U}} for many years in the United States, but we are also moving to the point when computer illiteracy will hinder many more people and {{U}} (80) {{/U}} them to a life of low-skill and low paid labor.
A．emergence
B．innovation
C．extinction
D．discovery
Thepressdemandsthatpoliticians______thes
The press demands that politicians______the sources of their income. A．betray B．conceal C．disclose D．renew