Celery,anedibleplantishavinglongstalksto
Celery, an edible plant is having long stalks topped with feathery leaves, A B C grows best in cool weather. DAccordingtotheCherokeeIndians,whowasfirs
According to theCherokee Indians, who was first created by theCreator
A、The white.
B、The brown.
C、The reD、
D、The black.ATwo-DayGraduationCeremonyTheuniversityn
A、Two-Day GraduationCeremony
The university newspaper announced that the graduation ceremony will be split over two days. The decision is based on the following reasons: first, the number of students graduated this year has risen; therefore, the ceremony’s duration will be quite long. Secondly, each student can invite their guests to their graduation ceremony; however, the auditorium is too small to hold the entire student body and their guests.
Question: The woman expresses her opinion towards the university’s decision of a two-day graduation ceremony. State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.AspectsoftheSunSincethebeginningoftime,h
Aspects of the Sun
Since the beginning of time, human beings have been fascinated by the dramas unfolding in the firmament above--the shifting arch of the sun, the changing faces of the moon, the regular patterns of stars turning as the seasons change. The study of these subtle patterns and relationships in the cosmos evolved intoAstronomy (or "law of the stars"), one of the oldest of the sciences. While different cultures, religions, and scientific theories all offer contrasting explanations for cosmic phenomena, there is one point on which they all agree: there would be no life onEarth if not for the sun.
Modern science has now proven that the sun, whose reliable path across the sky gives us the contours of our days and the duration of our nights, is the focal point of our solar system. The sun is, in fact, a star that is nearly 110 times the size ofEarth and comprises more than 99% of the solar system’s mass, which creates enough gravitational pull to extend to the outer reaches of our solar system and keep all manner of matter (planets, asteroids, meteors and even dust) in orbit. Like other stars, the sun is made up of various gases, the most prevalent being hydrogen at around 74%, and helium at around 25%.Because the sun’s gravitational force inward is equal to that of its thermal pressure outward, it is in a state of hydrostatic equilibrium, which causes the sun to compress into a sphere.
While the sun is a near perfect sphere and appears to the naked eye as a precise and sharply defined yellow circle against the sky (hence its ancient astronomical symbol of a circle with a point at its center), it does not actually have a definite edge or boundary. Instead, the density of its gases decreases exponentially with distance from the core. Like most stars, the sun generates heat and energy via nuclear fusion, which takes place in the core at the center of the sun. This energy must travel through a number of different layers before it reaches the photosphere, the first layer of the sun’s atmosphere, where it escapes into space as sunlight. It is the photosphere that we see when we look at the sun. The layer is about 100 km thick, which is relatively thin compared to other solar layers, and is much cooler than the sun’s outermost atmospheric layer called the coronA、One of the sun’s greatest mysteries is the incredible heat of the coronA、Usually heat decreases with distance from the core; this is true for the sun until you reach the corona, which becomes suddenly hotter by a factor of nearly 200 times that of the photosphere. The exact process of heating and maintaining the corona is still one of the unsolved solar mysteries that continue to fascinate and perplex scientists today.
Another solar mystery is the curious nature of solar flares.Equivalent to millions of 100-megaton hydrogen bombs detonated simultaneously, solar flares are the most intense
and energetic explosions that occur in our solar system. ■
A、These explosions occur on the sun’s photosphere and are difficult to view through the layer’s bright emissions, even with specialized equipment. Solar flares are directly linked to another more easily observable solar phenomenon--sunspots. With the invention of the telescope in 1608, astronomers were finally able to look into the face of the sun and see that it is not a perfect and unchanging yellow disc as they had expected, but that it is often marred by discernibleble mishes or dark spots. ■
B、These dark areas are the coolest regions on the sun’s photosphere and are characterized by intense magnetic activity. The frequency of sunspot occurrences follows an eleven-year solar or sunspot cycle. ■
C、At the minimum end of the cycle, there is very little sunspot activity and at the maximum end, there might be hundreds of visible sunspots.An increased number of sunspots indicates a correlated increase in solar flare activity. ■
D、Listening2"ArtHistoryClass"{$mediaurl}Wh
Listening 2 "Art HistoryClass"
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Why does the professor mention that he checked several references about the length of Queen Louise’sBallet .
A、He was very interested in the ballet.
B、He did not know much about it.
C、He wasn’t sure that it was accurate.
D、He wanted to impress the class.{$mediaurl}Whatisthepurposeofgradingagri
{$mediaurl}What is the purpose of grading agricultural products
A．It encourages farmers to produce crops of the highest quality.
B．It enables consumers to buy products that meet uniform standards.
C．It allows the government to regulate agricultural markets.
D．It promotes the development of better marketing infrastructure.Pigiron,wroughtiron,andsteelcontainironc
Pigiron, wrought iron, and steel contain iron carbides made up of ______ of carbon.A．(amounts are different
B．( different amounts that
C．( different amounts
D．( which amounts are differentReading5"SpeechandWriting"Itisawidelyhel
Reading 5 "Speech and Writing"
It is a widely held misconception that writing is more perfect than speech. To many people, writing somehow seems more correct and more stable, whereas speech can be careless, corrupted, and susceptible to change. Some people even go so far as to identify language with writing and to regard speech as a secondary form of language used imperfectly to approximate the ideals of the written language.
→ One of the basic assumptions of modern linguistics, however, is that speech is primary and writing is secondary. The most immediate manifestation of language is speech and not writing. Writing is simply the representation of speech in another physical medium. Spoken language encodes thought into a physically transmittable form, while writing, in turn, encodes spoken language into a physically preservable form. Writing is a two-stage process.All units of writing, whether letters or characters, are based on units of speech, i.e., words, sounds, or syllables. When linguists study language, they take the spoken language as their best source of data and their object of description (except in instances of languages like Latin for which there are no longer any speakers).
There are several reasons for maintaining that speech is primary and writing is secondary.
First, writing is a later historical development than spoken language. Current archeological evidence indicates that writing was first utilized in Sumer, that is, modern-day Iraq, about 6,000 years ago.
As far as physical and cultural anthropologists can tell, spoken language has probably been used by humans for hundreds of thousands of years. 
→ Second, writing does not exist everywhere that spoken language exists. This seems hard to imagine in our highly literate society, but the fact is that there are still many communities in the world where a written form of language is not used, and even in those cultures using a writing system, there are individuals who fail to learn the written form of their language. In fact, the majority of theEarth’s inhabitants are illiterate, though quite capable of spoken communication. However, no society uses only a written language with no spoken form.
Third, writing must be taught, whereas spoken language is acquired automatically.All children, except children with serious learning disabilities, naturally learn to speak the language of the community in which they are brought up. They acquire the basics of their native language before they enter school, and even if they never attend school, they become fully competent speakers. Writing systems vary in complexity, but regardless of their level of sophistication, they must all be taught.
Finally, neurolinguistic evidence (studies of the brain in action during language use) demonstrates that the processing and production of written language is overlaid on the spoken language centers in the brain. Spoken language involves several distinct areas of the brain; writing uses these areas and others as well.
→ So what gives rise to the misconception that writing is more perfect than speech There are several reasons. For one thing, the product of writing is usually more aptly worded and better organized, containing fewer errors, hesitations, and incomplete sentences than are found in speech. This perfection of writing can be explained by the fact that writing is the result of deliberation, correction, and revision, while speech is the spontaneous and simultaneous formulation of ideas; writing is therefore less subject to the constraint of time than speech is. In addition, writing is ultimately associated with education and edu{{B}}Set5{{/B}}THEDOMESTICATIONOFANIMALS
{{B}}Set 5{{/B}}THE、DOMESTICATION OFANIMALS
1The domestication of wild species led directly to denser human populations by yielding more food than the hunter-gatherer lifestyle could provide. In societies that possessed domestic animals, livestock helped to feed more people by providing meat, milk, and fertilizer, and by pulling plows. Large domestic animals became the societies’ main source of animal protein, replacing wild game, and they also {{U}}furnished{{/U}} wool, leather, and land transport. Humans have domesticated only a few species of large animals, with "large" defined as those weighing over 100 pounds (45 kilograms). Fourteen such species were domesticated before the twentieth century, all of them terrestrial mammals and herbivores. The five most important of these are sheep, goats, pigs, horses, and cattle or oxen.
2Small animals such as ducks, geese, rabbits, dogs, cats, mink, bees, and silkworms have also been domesticateD、Many of these small animals provided food, clothing, or warmth. However, none of them pulled plows or wagons, none carried riders, and none except dogs pulled sleds. Furthermore, no small domestic animals have been as important for food as have large domestic animals.
3 Early herding societies quickly domesticated all large mammal species that were suitable for domestication. There is archaeological evidence that these species were domesticated between 10,000 and 4,500 years ago, within the first few thousand years of the origins of farming-herding societies after the last IceAge. The continent ofEurasia has been the primary site of large mammal domestication. Having the most species of wild mammals to begin with, and losing the fewest to extinction in the last 40,000 years,Eurasia has generated the most candidates for domestication.
4 Domestication involves transforming wild animals into something more useful to humans. Truly domesticated animals differ in many ways from their wild ancestors. These differences result from two processes: human selection of individual animals that are more useful to humans than other individuals of the same species, and evolutionary responses of animals to the forces of natural selection operating in human environments rather than in wild environments.
5To be domesticated, a wild species must possess several characteristics. {{U}}A、candidate for domestication must be primarily a herbivore because it takes less plant biomass to feed a plant eater than it does to feed a carnivore that consumes plant eaters{{/U}}. No carnivorous mammal has ever been domesticated for food simply because it would be too costly.A、candidate must not only weigh an average of over 100 pounds but also grow quickly. That eliminates {{U}}gorillas and elephants{{/U}}, even though they are herbivores. Moreover, candidates for domestication must be able to breed successfully in captivity.
6Since almost any sufficiently large mammal species is capable of killing a human, certain qualities {{U}}disqualify{{/U}} a wild animal for domestication. The animal cannot have a disposition that is nasty, dangerous, or unpredictable—characteristics that eliminate bears,African buffaloes, and some species of wild horses. The animal cannot be so nervous that it {{U}}panics{{/U}} around humans. Large herbivorous mammal species react to danger from predators or humans in different ways. Some species are nervous, fast, and programmed for instant flight when they perceive danger. Others are less nervous, seek protection in herds, and do not run until necessary. Most species of deer and antelope are of the former type, while sheep and goats are of the latter.
7 Almost all domesticated large mammals are species whose wildLearningthattakesplaceininfancyprovidest
Learning that takes place in infancy provides the __________ for the eventual transformation of a child into an adult.
A、foundation is necessary
B．necessary foundation is
C．necessary in the foundation
D．foundation necessaryCoralformationshaveknownasfringingreefsa
Coral formations have known as fringing reefs are located close to shore, separated from land only by shallow water.Rapideyemovementsleepissometimescalledpa
Rapid eye movement sleep is sometimes called paradoxical sleep because it has
A、
B、characteristics of either the waking and sleeping states.
C、 DA．Theyareoftenhandledimproperlybyreaders
A、They are often handled improperly by readers.
B．The paper is destroyed by chemicals.
C．The ink used in printing damages the paper.
D．The glue used in the binding loses its strength.THELONGHOUSE1Thepeopleofthelonghouselive
THE、LONGHOUSE
1The people of the longhouse lived in fortified villages in elevated areas that were easy to defend and were located near a water supply. Twenty-foot palisades surrounded a group of longhouses and acted as a defensive wall that also kept forest animals from foraging within the village. The longhouse was the typical housing unit within the stockade.A、number of families were housed within each longhouse, which varied in size from 20 by 16 feet to huge multiple family structures of 60 by 18 feet. In the more populous villages, longhouses could be more than 300 feet long. The longhouse was more than just a shelter; it was the basic unit upon which the entire society was constructeD、
2In building the longhouse, a row of forked poles was placed in the ground, between four and five feet apart.Cross poles were lashed to the forked uprights to form an arched roof. Slender poles or rafters were then secured to the roof frame, and traverse poles were added to further strengthen the overhead structure. Large pieces of bark were then tied to the frame.An outer set of poles kept the bark in place on the sides and roof. Smoke holes were built into the roof at about twenty-foot intervals. Two families shared the stone-lined hearth beneath each smoke hole.
3 At each end of the longhouse was a door with a covering of animal hide or hinged bark that could be lifted up for entering and exiting.Along each inside wall were bunks that served as beds at night and benches in the day.Corn, dried fish, and other foods hung from overheaD、The dwelling was compartmentalized to accommodate each family.At the front of the longhouse, over the door, carved images of clan symbols represented the families living there.
The word secured in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
A、attached
B、forced
C、sent
D、frozenMASSWASTINGPROCESSES1Thedownslopemovemen
MASS WASTING PROCESSES
1The downslope movement of rock, mud, or other material under the influence of gravity is known as mass wasting. While the angle of the slope is a major factor in the potential for mass wasting, the slope is not the sole determiner of mass wasting events. Water plays a significant role, especially where it is plentiful during the rainy season.Earthquakes may cause rockslides, mudflows, and other mass movements. Factors such as the presence or absence of vegetation and human activities can also influence the potential for mass wasting.
2One way to classify mass wasting processes is on the basis of the material involved, such as rock, debris, earth, or muD、The manner in which the material moves is also important and is generally described as a fall, a slide, or a flow.A、fall occurs when weathering loosens boulders from cliffs or rock faces, causing the boulders to break away and fall.A、slide takes place whenever material remains fairly coherent and moves along a well-defined surface.A、flow involves the movement of debris containing a large amount of water.
3Many mass wasting processes are described as slides. Rockslides occur when a coherent mass of rock breaks loose and slides down a slope as a unit. If the material involved is mostly separate pieces, it is called a debris slide. Slides are among the fastest and most destructive mass movements. Usually rockslides occur in a geologic setting where the rock layers are inclined, or where there are joints and fractures in the rock that are parallel to the slope. When such a rock unit is undercut at the base of the slope, it loses support and the rock eventually collapses. Rain or snowmelt can trigger a rockslide by wetting the underlying surface to the point that friction can no longer hold the rock in place. The fastest type of slide is a rock avalanche, in which a mass of rock literally floats on air as it moves downslope. The high speed of a rock avalanche is the result of air becoming trapped and compressed beneath the falling mass of debris, allowing it to move down the slope as a buoyant sheet.
4Mudflows are relatively rapid mass wasting events that involve soil and a large amount of water.Because of their fluid properties, mudflows follow canyons and stream channels. Mudflows often take place in semiarid mountainous regions and on the slopes of some volcanoes.Although rainstorms in semiarid regions are infrequent, they are typically heavy when they occur. When a rainstorm or rapidly melting snow creates a sudden flood, large quantities of soil and loose rock are washed into nearby stream channels because there is usually little or no vegetation to anchor the surface material. The result is a flowing mass of well-mixed mud, soil, rock, and water. The consistency of the mudflow may be similar to that of wet concrete, or it may be a soupy mixture not much thicker than muddy water. The water content influences the rate of flow across the surface. When a mudflow is dense, it moves more slowly, but it can easily carry or push large boulders, trees, and even houses along with it.
5In dry mountainous areas such as southernCalifornia, mudflows are a serious hazard to development on and near canyon hillsides. The removal of native vegetation by brush fires has increased the probability of these destructive events. Past mudflows have contributed to the buildup of fan-shaped deposits at canyon mouths. Such fans are relatively easy to build on and often have scenic views, so many have become desirable sites for residential development. However, because mudflows occur infrequently, homeowners are often unaware of the potential danger of building on the site of a previous mudflow.
6Highly fluid, fast-flowing mudflows incorporate fine-grained sediment and are common after volcanic eruptions that produce large volumes of volcanic ash. Mudflows containi{{B}}Set3{{/B}}THESENSEOFSMELL1Smellisth
{{B}}Set 3{{/B}}THE、SENSE、OF SMELL
1Smell is the most direct of all the senses. It is thought to be the oldest sense in terms of human evolution, which may explain why smell is {{U}}hard-wired{{/U}} into the brain. The olfactory nerve, which manages the perception of smells, is essentially an extension of the brain. The olfactory nerve provides a direct link from receptors at the top of the nose to the portion of the brain that controls memory, emotion, and behavior.
2The olfactory system {{U}}detects{{/U}} certain airborne chemicals that enter the nose and then transmits this chemical information to the limbic system in the brain. The olfactory region at the upper end of each nostril is yellow, moist, and full of fatty substances. The shade of yellow indicates the strength of the sense of smell: the deeper the shade, the keener and more acute it is.Animals have a very strong sense of smell, so their olfactory regions are dark yellow to reddish brown, while those of humans are light yellow.
3When an odorous substance enters the nose, it binds to olfactory receptor cells, the neurons lining the yellow upper portion of the nasal cavity. Olfactory receptor cells contain microscopic hairs called cilia that extend into the layer of mucus coating the inside of the nose. Odor molecules {{U}}diffuse{{/U}} into this region and are absorbed by the cilia of the olfactory receptor cells. What this means is that when we hold a rose to our nose and inhale, odor molecules float up into the nasal cavity, where they are absorbed by five million olfactory receptor cells. The receptor cells alert the olfactory nerve, which sends impulses to the brain’s olfactory bulb, or smell center. Thus, olfactory information about the rose enters the brain’s limbic system, where, in most of us, it stimulates a feeling of pleasure.
4The limbic system of the brain {{U}}integrates{{/U}} memory, emotion, and behavior. The system is composed of a group of related nervous system structures that are the functional center of emotions such as anger, fear, pleasure, and sadness. The components of the limbic system are linked to the cerebral cortex, the part of the brain involved in complex learning, reasoning, and personality. The cerebral cortex makes decisions about the emotional content of these unique human qualities after "consulting" the limbic system and other brain centers in processing and retrieving memories. It may, in turn, use memories to modify behavior.
5Scent may be the strongest trigger of memory and emotions. When we inhale a scent, receptors in the brain’s limbic center compare the odor entering our nose to odors stored in our memory.Along the way, memories associated with those odors are stimulateD、A、smell can be overwhelmingly nostalgic because it triggers powerful images and emotions. The waxy fragrance of {{U}}crayons{{/U}} can instantly transport us to our second-grade classroom, or the scent of {{U}}freshly mown grass{{/U}} can flood us with the joy of summer freedom. {{U}}What we see and hear may fade quickly in short-term memory, but what we smell is sent directly to long-term memory. {{/U}}
6Smells can increase alertness and stimulate learning and retention. In one study, children memorized a word list, which was presented both with and without accompanying scents. The children recalled words on the list more easily and with higher accuracy when the list was given with scents than without, showing the link between smell and the ability to retain information. In another study, researchers examined how various smells can increase alertness and decrease stress. They found that the scent of lavender could wake up the metabolism and make people more alert. They also foReading5"SpeechandWriting"Itisawidelyhel
Reading 5 "Speech and Writing"
It is a widely held misconception that writing is more perfect than speech. To many people, writing somehow seems more correct and more stable, whereas speech can be careless, corrupted, and susceptible to change. Some people even go so far as to identify language with writing and to regard speech as a secondary form of language used imperfectly to approximate the ideals of the written language.
→ One of the basic assumptions of modern linguistics, however, is that speech is primary and writing is secondary. The most immediate manifestation of language is speech and not writing. Writing is simply the representation of speech in another physical medium. Spoken language encodes thought into a physically transmittable form, while writing, in turn, encodes spoken language into a physically preservable form. Writing is a two-stage process.All units of writing, whether letters or characters, are based on units of speech, i.e., words, sounds, or syllables. When linguists study language, they take the spoken language as their best source of data and their object of description (except in instances of languages like Latin for which there are no longer any speakers).
There are several reasons for maintaining that speech is primary and writing is secondary. First, writing is a later historical development than spoken language. As far as physical and cultural anthropologists can tell, spoken language has probably been used by humans for hundreds of thousands of years.
→ Second, writing does not exist everywhere that spoken language exists. This seems hard to imagine in our highly literate society, but the fact is that there are still many communities in the world where a written form of language is not used, and even in those cultures using a writing system, there are individuals who fail to learn the written form of their language. In fact, the majority of theEarth’s inhabitants are illiterate, though quite capable of spoken communication. However, no society uses only a written language with no spoken form.
Third, writing must be taught, whereas spoken language is acquired automatically.All children, except children with serious learning disabilities, naturally learn to speak the language of the community in which they are brought up. They acquire the basics of their native language before they enter school, and even if they never attend school, they become fully competent speakers. Writing systems vary in complexity, but regardless of their level of sophistication, they must all be taught.
Finally, neurolinguistic evidence (studies of the brain in action during language use) demonstrates that the processing and production of written language is overlaid on the spoken language centers in the brain. Spoken language involves several distinct areas of the brain; writing uses these areas and others as well.
→ So what gives rise to the misconception that writing is more perfect than speech There are several reasons. For one thing, the product of writing is usually more aptly worded and better organized, containing fewer errors, hesitations, and incomplete sentences than are found in speech. This perfection of writing can be explained by the fact that writing is the result of deliberation, correction, and revision, while speech is the spontaneous and simultaneous formulation of ideas; writing is therefore less subject to the constraint of time than speech is. In addition, writing is ultimately associated with education and eduDuringthe1850’,reformmovements_____tempe
During the 1850’, reform movements _____temperance and the abolition of slavery gained strength in the United States.
A、advocating
B．they had advocated
C．to advocating
D．to advocate whenBecausethelowlatitudesoftheEarth,thearea
Because the low latitudes of theEarth, the areas near the equator, receive more heat Than the latitudes near the poles, and because the nature of heat is to expand and move, Heat is transported from the tropics to the middle and high latitudes. Some of this heat isMoved by winds and some by ocean currents, and some gets stored in the atmosphere in(5) the form of latent heat. The term "latent heat" refers to the energy that has to be used to Convert liquid water to water vapor. We know that if we warm a pan of water on a stove, it will evaporate, or turn into vapor, faster than if it is allowed to sit at room temperature. We also know that if we hang wet clothes outside in the summertime they will dry faster than in winter, when temperatures are colder. The energy used in both cases to change (10) liquid water to water vapor is supplied by heat―supplied by the stove in the first case and by the Sun in the latter case. This energy is not lost. It is stored in water vapor in the atmosphere as latent heat.Eventually, the water stored as vapor in the atmosphere will condense to liquid again, and the energy will be released to the atmosphere. In the atmosphere, a large portion of the Sun’’s incoming energy is used to evaporate (15) Water, primarily in the tropical oceans. Scientists have tried to quantify this proportion of the Sun’’s energy.By analyzing temperature, water vapor, and wind data around the globe, they have estimated the quantity to be about 90 watts per square meter, or nearly 30 percent of the Sun’’s energy. Once this latent heat is stored within the atmosphere, it can be transported, primarily to higher latitudes, by prevailing, large-scale winds. Or it (20) can be transported vertically to higher levels in the atmosphere, where it forms clouds and subsequent storms, which then release the energy back to the atmosphere.The word "convert" line 6 is closest in meaning to
A、mix
B．change
C、adapt
D．reduceNineteenth-CenturyPoliticsintheUnitedSta
Nineteenth-Century Politics in the United States
The development of the modem presidency in the United States began withAndrew Jackson who swept to power in 1829 at the head of theDemocratic Party and served until 1837.During his administration he immeasurably enlarged the power of the presidency. "The President is the direct representative of theAmerican people," he lectured the Senate when it opposed him. "He was elected by the people, and is responsible to them. " With this declaration, Jackson redefined the character of the presidential office and its relationship to the people.
During Jackson’s second term, his opponents had gradually come together to form the Whig party.
Whigs andDemocrats held different attitudes toward the changes brought about by the market, banks, and commerce. 
TheDemocrats tended to view society as a continuing conflict between "the people" --farmers, planters, and workers--and a set of greedy aristocrats. 
This "paper money aristocracy" of bankers and investors manipulated the banking system for their own profit,Democrats claimed, and sapped the nation’s virtue by encouraging speculation and the desire for sudden, unearned wealth. 
TheDemocrats wanted the rewards of the market without sacrificing the features of a simple agrarian republiC、They wanted the wealth that the market offered without the competitive, changing society; the complex dealing; the dominance of urban centers; and the loss of independence that came with it.
Whigs, on the other hand, were more comfortable with the market. For them, commerce and economic development were agents of civilization. Nor did the Whigs envision any conflict in society between farmers and workers on the one hand and businesspeople and bankers on the other.Economic growth would benefit everyone by raising national income and expanding opportunity. The government’s responsibility was to provide a well-- regulated economy that guaranteed opportunity for citizens of ability.
Whigs andDemocrats differed not only in their attitudes toward the market but also about how active the central government should be in people’s lives.DespiteAndrew Jackson’s inclination to be a strong President,Democrats as a rule believed in limited government. Government’s role in the economy was to promote competition by destroying monopolies and special privileges. In keeping with this philosophy of limited government,Democrats also rejected the idea that moral beliefs were the proper sphere of government action. Religion and politics, they believed, should be kept clearly separate, and they generally opposed humanitarian legislation.
The Whigs, in contrast, viewed government power positively. They believed that it should be used to protect individual rights and public liberty, and that it had a special role where individual effort was in-effective.By regulating the economy and competition, the government could ensure equal opportunity. Indeed, for Whigs the concept of government promoting the general welfare went beyond the economy. In particular, Whigs in the northern sections of the United States also believed that government power should be used to foster the moral welfare of the country. They were much more likely to favor social reform legislation and aid to education.
In some ways the social makeup of the two parties was similar. To be competitive in winning votes, Whigs andDemocrats both had to have significant support among farmers, the largest group in society, and workers. Neither party could win an election by appealing exclusively to the rich or the poor. The Whigs, however, enjoye