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{{B}}PassageFour{{/B}}Globalclimatechang
{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}}
Global climate change, often seen as a process stretching over thousands of years, could in fact occur abruptly and unexpectedly-quickly pushing up temperatures by as much as 18 degrees Fahrenheit and wreaking havoc(大破坏，浩劫) on human society, scientists warned on Wednesday.
"Climate change is not always smooth. Sometimes it is abrupt," said RichardAlley, a climate expert at Pennsylvania State University and lead author of a new NationalAcademy of Sciences report on the threat of rapid climatic shifts.
"If you have a very large, abrupt change, a lot of people and a lot of ecosystems are going to notice," he saiD、"The bigger and faster it is, the harder it will be to deal with."
The new NationalAcademy of Sciences report, released this week, warns that gradual global warming coupled with other human impacts on the environment could "trip the switch" for sudden climate change.
At theAmerican Geophysical Union meeting on Wednesday,Alley and other environmental scientists said the geological evidence indicated that such rapid climate shifts had occurred frequently in the past—moving temperatures drastically in the space of just a few decades.
"This can happen in less than a human generation, and then it will persist for thousands of years," saidDavidBattisti, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Washington.
The most immediate dangers posed by abrupt climate change range are devastating droughts and floods which could seriously affect both water supply and agriculture across vast stretches of the planet.
Longer term impacts could include changes in the basic systems which determine regional global temperatures. Scientists believe that the Gulf Stream, a current (水流) of warmAtlantic water which now keeps much of NorthernEurope temperate, could theoretically reverse direction if enough cool fresh water runs into the northAtlantic from melting ice, a change that would quickly impactEuropean weather.
Abrupt climate change______.A．is unprecedented in human history
B．will not happen in the near future
C．will probably cause dramatic drop in temperature
D．will last thousands of years once it happens
AttheKyotoconferenceonglobalwarminginDec
At the Kyoto conference on global warming inDecember 1997, it became abundantly clear how complex it has become to work out international agreements relating to the environment because of economic concerns unique to each country. It is no longer enough to try to forbid certain activities or to reduce emissions of certain substances. The global challenge of the interlink between the environment and development increasingly bring us to the core of the economic life of states.During the late 1980s we were able, through international agreements, to make deep cuts in emissions harmful to the ozone layer (臭氧层). These reductions were made possible because substitutions had been found for many of the harmful chemicals and, more important, because the harmful substances could be replaced without negative effects on employment and the economies of states.
Although the threat of global warming has been known to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem, we also know that the effects of measures, especially harsh measures taken in some countries, would be nullified (抵消) if other countries do not control their emissions. Whereas the UN team on climate change has found that the emissions of carbon dioxide would have to be cut globally by 60% to stabilize the content ofCO₂ in the atmosphere, this path is not feasible for several reasons. Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy. Important and populous (人口众多的) low or medium-income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses. In addition, the state of world technology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap.
We must, however, find a solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21^st century. Such a commitment would require a degree of shared vision and common responsibilities new to humanity. Success lies in the force of imaginations, in imaging what would happen if we fail to act.Although many living in cold regions would welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summer, few would cheer the arrival of the subsequent tropical diseases, especially where there had been none.
The main purpose of this passage is to ______.

A、convince people that global warming is a real threat
B、criticize some countries for refusing to cut down emissions harmful to the ozone layer
C、analyze the problem of global warming
D、argue against making deep cuts in emissions
ForgetHarryPotter.Nomatterthatthefilmabo
Forget Harry Potter. No matter that the film about this schoolboy with magic powers broke all box-office records on its opening weekend, taking $94 m in the United States and $23 m inBritain, the truly momentous phenomenon in the film industry is not a pre-pubescent wizard but a humble circular piece of plastic: the digital versatile discDVD、.
Next year, for the first time, sales of movies inDVD、format are forecast to outsell those on video cassette inAmerica, reaching a total of $9.5 billion, according to Morgan Stanley, an investment bank.Already, 80% ofAmerican households haveDVD、players. With aDVD、recorder now in the shops as well, something that can record from the TV as well as play the discs,Christmas sales are expected to be strong.A、technology considered a flop when it was launched in 1997 is now the basis for the fastest-growing consumer appliance ever.
Some in the film business complain that people are simply buyingDVDs instead of video cassettes: there is no net gain. YetDVDs can do things that the cassette cannot. such as offer a choice of language in which to watch a movie, not to mention a clearer picture.And the studios have cleverly stuffedDVDs full of lively extra features, such as new clips or interviews with the director.
Moreover, people appear to want to build up collections ofDVDs, rather as they do of recorded musiC、TheDVD、is steadily gaining shelf space, even in the movie-rental store, and it should overtake (赶上，追上) the cassette even there within three years.And shops likeDVDs, not least because they take up less space. TheDVD、could well boost the size of the overall home-video market.
Already, recent releases onDVD, such as Snow White and the SevenDwarfs and Star WarsEpisode One, have sold millions of copies each.At a time when any revenue growth in the media industry is startling,DVD、sales atAOL Time Warner jumped by 44% in the third quarter this year, compared with the same period of 2000, to $279 m.
But how lasting will theDVD、effect be Some 80% of a film’s revenue comes from its distribution after the cinema release: to home video, pay-TV and the like. "The largest single portion of that revenue will be theDVD、business, " saysChristopherDixon of UBS Warburg, an investment bank, which in turn will help to reduce the risk involved in making movies. "TheDVD、if the most exciting development in the film industry, " he adds, "but every eight years there has been a new distribution platform in the entertainment business. None of them lasts forever. \
According to the passage,DVD、business will ______.
A、pose great threat to film industry
B、help to reduce the risk involved in making movies
C、reduce the revenues of films
D、continue to boom for decades
{{B}}PassageOne{{/B}}Withthepossibleexce

{{B}}Passage One{{/B}}
With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most controversial issue across the United States today is the death penalty. Many argue that it is an effective deterrent (威慑) to murder, while others maintain there is no convincing evidence that the death penalty reduces the number of murders.
The principal argument advanced by those opposed to the death penalty, basically, is that it is cruel and inhuman punishment, that it is the mark of a brutal society, and finally that it is of questionable effectiveness as a deterrent to crime anyway. In our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary evil. Throughout recorded history there have always been those extreme individuals in every society who were capable of terribly violent crimes such as murder.But some are more extreme than others.
For example, it is one thing to take the life of another in a fit of blind rage, but quite another to coldly plot and carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher. Thus, murder, like all other crimes, is a matter of relative degree. While it could be argued with some conviction that the criminal in the first instance should be merely isolated from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.
The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to debate.But the overwhelming majority of citizens believe that the death penalty protects them. Their belief is reinforced by evidence which shows that the death penalty deters murder. For example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was consistently imposed inCalifornia, the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each 100 000 population. Since 1964 the death penalty has been imposed only once, and the murder rate has risen to 10.4 murders for each 100 000 population. The sharp climb in the state’s murder rate, which began when executions stopped, is no coincidence (巧合). It is convincing evidence that the death penalty does deter many murderers. If the bill reestablishing the death penalty is vetoed (否决), innocent people will be murdered—some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is literally a life or death matter. The lives of thousands of innocent people must be protecteD、
The principal purpose of this passage is to ______ .A．criticize the government
B．argue for the value of the death penalty
C．speak for the majority
D．initiate a veto
Earthwormsoccur______adequatemoistureand
Earthworms occur ______ adequate moisture and food and the necessary soil conditions are found. A．and
B．whenever
C．however
D．wherever
Questions63TO67arebasedonthefollowingpas
Questions 63 TO 67 are based on the following passage:(10分)　　Television,the modern wonder of electronics,brings the world into your own home in sight and sounD、And the word‘television’means seeing far.Television works in much the same way as radio.In radio,sound is changed into electromagnetic waves which are sent through the air.Experiments leading to modern television took place more than a hundred years ago.By the 1920s inventors and researchers had turned,the early theories into working models.Yet it took another thirty years for TV to become industry. The influence of TV on the life of people is incalculable:it can influence their thoughts and their way of life.It can also add to their store of knowledge.Educational TV stations offer teaching in various subjects.Some hospitals use TV for medical students to get close-up views of operations.At first television programs were broadcast in black-and-white.With the development of science and technology,the problem of how to telecast them in full color was solved and by the middle 1960s the national networks were broadcasting most of their programs in color. The programs that people watch are not only local and national ones.Since the launching of the first communications satellite,more and more programs are telecast“live”from all over the worlD、People in San Francisco were able to watch the 1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo.And live telecasts now come from outer space.In 1969,the first astronauts to land on the moon televised their historic “moon walk”to viewers on the earth.Since then,astronauts have regularly sent telecast to the earth. The launching of communications satellites made it possible fro people in San Francisco to ______.
A、get close-up views of operations

B、store knowledge
C．watch the 1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo
D．watch national programs
Fromthispassage,wecanfindthefollowingfac
From this passage, we can find the following facts except that______.A．the students at the Florida Virtual School hail from places in or out of the U.S.
B．the students at the online schools can take classes at any time
C．the online schools provide a variety of training from tennis to music
D．among the students of Florida Virtual School, there are some very advanced or backward ones
The(scientific)revolutionoftheearly1900s
The (scientific) revolution of the early 1900s (affected) education by (change) the nature of (technology).
- A. scientific
- B. affected
- C. change
- D. technology
Antsfirstcapturedtheattentionofsoftwaree
Ants first captured the attention of software engineers in the early 1990s.
A、single ant cannot do much on its own, but a group of ants (51) can solve complex problems. That inspired people like MarcoDorigo, who is one of the founders of a (52) known as group intelligence.
Ants are good at choosing the shortest possible route between a food (53) and their nest. This reminds us of a classic computational travelling-salesman problem. Given a list of cities and their (54) apart, the salesman must find the shortest route needed to visit each city once.As the number of cities (55) , the problem gets more complicateD、
Ants solve their own problem using chemical signals called pheromones (信息素), when an ant finds food, she takes it back to the nest, (56) a pheromone trail that will attract others. The more ants that (57) the trail, the stronger it becomes. (58) , the pheromones evaporate (挥发) quickly, so once all the food has been collected, the trail soon goes colD、This rapid evaporation means long trails are less (59) than short ones, all else being equal. Pheromones thus turn the (60) intelligence of the individual ants into something more powerful.

A、Therefore
B．Furthermore
C．Then
D．However
Hannon,asaGEOteacher,hasfoundthat______.
Hannon, as a GEO teacher, has found that ______.A．class schedules in America and Palestine are very much the same
B．fixed class schedules make it easy for teachers to prepare lessons
C．vocational schools offer a good career option for American students
D．American students do not work as hard as Palestinian students