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Theheartbypass(心脏搭桥术)hasbecomepartofourc
The heart bypass (心脏搭桥术)has become part of our cultural life. It has come to seem like a ceremony of passage for the successful male, a red symbol of courage in midlife. Six hundred thousand bypass operations are performed a year in the United States.After a bypass, most heart patients experience significant relief from the peculiar discomfort in the chest caused by insufficient blood to the heart muscle. In some cases the surgery can dramatically extend life.American heart patients, who now number about 12 million, are enthusiastic about the surgery.Bypass is one of the most common major operations inAmeric
A、
In private, however, many of my fellow workers in medicine suspect that bypass has become too popular.
A、recent Harvard study showed that as many as two-thirds of patients referred for bypass don’t need it or could have it postponeD、InCanada andBritain, where physicians perform bypass surgery much less frequently than they do inAmerica,heart patients fare just as well. In addition, bypassing a blocked section of an artery does nothing to ;prevent the artery (动脉) from getting clogged somewhere else. In fact, bypass surgery can accelerate the development of new blockage.
But bypass did not have to prove itself. It has become hugely popular. Voices of caution were drowned out as more and more hospitals raced to offer bypass.By 1979,100 000: bypasses a year were taking place, and 10 years later the figure has risen to 260 000. Medical students were keen to train in cardiac (心脏的) surgery; for all the hard training, it was a advancing ,challenging fielD、In fact, the rewards are handsome. There is more money to be made performing this surgery than there is in practicing in almost any other field of medicine.
The idea of bold surgeons reaching into our bodies to save a wounded heart cannot but exert a powerful grip on our imaginations, as if we are witnessing a cultural ceremony where two overachieving individuals—surgeon and patient—come together,Bypass may indeed be both a life-extending and pain-relieving procedure for many patients.But perhaps it has transfixed us for too long.
According to the passage, a bypass surgery is ______.
A、a dangerous operation

B、a painful experience
C．a symbol of one’s success and courage
D．nothing serious
Therearesomanynewbooksaboutdyingthatther
There are so many new books about dying that there are now special shelves set aside for them in bookshops, along with the health-diet and home-repair paperbacks. Some of them are so (61) with detailed information and step-by-step instructions for performing the function, that you’d think this was a new sort of (62) which all of us are now required to learn. The strongest impression the casual reader gets is that proper dying has become an extraordinary, (63) an exotic experience, something only the specially trained can do.
(64) , you could be led to believe that we are the only (65) capable of being aware of death, and that when the rest of nature is experiencing the life cycle and dying, one generation after (66) , it is a different kind of process, done automatically and trivially, or more "natural", as we say.
An elm in our backyard (67) the blight (枯萎病) this summer and dropped stone dead, leafless, almost overnight. One weekend (68) was a normal-looking elm, maybe a little bare in spots but (69) alarming, and the next weekend it was gone, passed over, departed, taken. Taken is right, for the tree surgeon came by yesterday with his (70) of young helpers and their cherry picker, and took it down branch by branch and carted it off in the back of a red truck, everyone (71) .
The dying (72) a field mouse, at the jaws of an amiable household cat, is a spectacle I have beheld many times. It (73) to make me wince. However, early in life I gave up throwing sticks (74) the cat to make him drop the mouse, (75) the dropped mouse regularly went ahead and died anyway.
A．caught
B．held
C．took
D．picked
{{B}}PassageTwo{{/B}}Wantaglimpseofthefu
{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}}
Want a glimpse of the future of health care Take a look at the way the various networks of people involved in patient care are being connected to one another, and how this new connectivity is being exploited to deliver medicine to the patient—no matter where he or she may be.
Online doctors offering advice based on standardized symptoms are the most obvious example. Increasingly, however, remote diagnosis (telemedicine) will be based on real physiological data from the actual patient.A、group from the University of Kentucky has shown that by using an off-the-shelf (现成的) PDA、(personal data assistance) such as a Palm Pilot plus a mobile phone, it is perfectly feasible to transmit a patient’s vital signs over the telephone. With this kind of equipment in a first-aid kit (急救包), the cry asking whether there was a doctor in the house could well be a thing of the past.
Other medical technology groups are working on applying telemedicine to rural care.And at least one team wants to use telemedicine as a tool for disaster response—especially after earthquakes. Overall, the trend is towards providing global access to medical data and expertise.
But there is one problem.Bandwidth is the limiting factor for transmitting complex medical images around the world—CT scans being one of the biggest bandwidth consumers.Communications satellites may be able to cope with the short-term needs during disasters such as earthquakes, wars or famines.But medicine is looking towards both the second-generation Internet and third-generation mobile phones for the future of distributed medical intelligence.
Doctors have met to discuss computer-based tools for medical diagnosis, training and telemedicine. With the falling price of broadband communications, the new technologies should usher in (迎来) an era when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information, expert opinion and diagnosis are common.
The basis of remote diagnosis will be______.A．standardized symptoms of a patient
B．personal data assistance
C．transmitted complex medical images
D．real physiological data from a patient
Childrenmaynotenjoy(toeat)sweetsafterame
Children may not enjoy (to eat) sweets after a meal (so much as) (at) other times, but it is healthier for them (to do) so.
- A. to eat
- B. so much as
- C. at
- D. to do
Theforeignministerwouldrevealnothingabou
The foreign minister would reveal nothing about his recent tour of the Middle East beyond what had already been announced at the press conference. A．as for
B．in addition to
C．along with
D．in relation to
Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnera
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist (免疫学家) Mark Laudenslager, at the University ofDenver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless Partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what wakens the immune system.
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist atDuke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don’t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats.But if the animals are conditioned to confront with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively even when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists’ suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness, is one of the most harmful factors in depression.
One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist RobertAder at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned (便形成条件反射) mice to avoid saccharin (糖精) by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets.Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener,Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning dieD、He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.
Laudenslager’s experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity ______A．was altered
B．was strengthened
C．was weakened
D．was not affected
Jackisnotverydecisive,andhealwaysfindshi
Jack is not very decisive, and he always finds himself in a ______ as if he doesn't know what he really wants to do. A．fantasy
B．dilemma
C．contradiction
D．conflict
Theheartbypass(心脏搭桥术)hasbecomepartofourc
The heart bypass (心脏搭桥术)has become part of our cultural life. It has come to seem like a ceremony of passage for the successful male, a red symbol of courage in midlife. Six hundred thousand bypass operations are performed a year in the United States.After a bypass, most heart patients experience significant relief from the peculiar discomfort in the chest caused by insufficient blood to the heart muscle. In some cases the surgery can dramatically extend life.American heart patients, who now number about 12 million, are enthusiastic about the surgery.Bypass is one of the most common major operations inAmeric
A、
In private, however, many of my fellow workers in medicine suspect that bypass has become too popular.
A、recent Harvard study showed that as many as two-thirds of patients referred for bypass don’t need it or could have it postponeD、InCanada andBritain, where physicians perform bypass surgery much less frequently than they do inAmerica,heart patients fare just as well. In addition, bypassing a blocked section of an artery does nothing to ;prevent the artery (动脉) from getting clogged somewhere else. In fact, bypass surgery can accelerate the development of new blockage.
But bypass did not have to prove itself. It has become hugely popular. Voices of caution were drowned out as more and more hospitals raced to offer bypass.By 1979,100 000: bypasses a year were taking place, and 10 years later the figure has risen to 260 000. Medical students were keen to train in cardiac (心脏的) surgery; for all the hard training, it was a advancing ,challenging fielD、In fact, the rewards are handsome. There is more money to be made performing this surgery than there is in practicing in almost any other field of medicine.
The idea of bold surgeons reaching into our bodies to save a wounded heart cannot but exert a powerful grip on our imaginations, as if we are witnessing a cultural ceremony where two overachieving individuals—surgeon and patient—come together,Bypass may indeed be both a life-extending and pain-relieving procedure for many patients.But perhaps it has transfixed us for too long.
Bypass operation has become very popular in the United States because ______.
A、it is one of the most common major operations

B、it is more effective than any other medicine
C．the standard of living inAmerica is much higher than that in any other country
D．it can bring more money to the hospitals and doctors
Oneofthemostwidelydiscussedsubjectsthese

One of the most widely discussed subjects these days is. energy crisis.Automobile drivers cannot get gasoline; homeowners may not get enough heating oil; factories are{{U}} (56) {{/U}}by a fuel shortage.
The crisis has{{U}} (57) {{/U}}questions about the large oil companies and windfall{{U}} (58) {{/U}}.Critics of the oil industry charge that the major companies are getting richer because of the oil shortage. Shortage, of course, drives prices up.As oil prices rise, the critics say, the oil companies will make more money (windfall profits) without doing a thing to{{U}} (59) {{/U}}the extra cash. "Windfall" profits are sudden unearned profits--profits made{{U}} (60) {{/U}}luck, or some special turn of events.
The word itself tells what "windfall" means--something blown down by the wind, such as trees, or fruit{{U}} (61) {{/U}}from trees.But the word has taken on a special meaning. This meaning (getting something unearned) was first used in medievalEnglanD、
This is{{U}} (62) {{/U}}it started: at that time much of the land was in the hands of{{U}} (63) {{/U}}barons. The rest of the people, commoners, lived and worked on their vast estates. They planted the seed, cared for the farm animals and harvested the crops. Not all the land, however, was used for farming.Every baron kept a large private forest for{{U}} (64) {{/U}}deer and wild bear.
When hungry, the people sometimes would kill the animals in the lord’s forest for fooD、And there were times{{U}} (65) {{/U}}they might cut down trees for fuel. So, strong laws were passed to protect the forests, and the animals. Violations were severely{{U}} (66) {{/U}}.
But there was one way people could get wood from the forest. If they found trees blown down by the wind ("windfall") they were free to take them for use as fuel in their homes.And that is the meaning that has come down to us--something good gotten by luck or{{U}} (67) {{/U}}.
The common people of oldEngland, often hungry and cold, must often have prayed for a good strong winD、Critics today{{U}} (68) {{/U}}that the oil industry has also been praying for something just like it --some political or military{{U}} (69) {{/U}}that might produce a windfall--a rise in oil prices and profits.
The oil companies deny that this is so. InCongress, critics of the oil companies have proposed a{{U}} (70) {{/U}}on such profits. The debate on rising oil price will go on for some time, and most likely we will hear more and more about windfall profits.
A．a little
B．lot of
C．a few
D．number of
{{B}}PassageOne{{/B}}TheymaybeoneofBrita

{{B}}Passage One{{/B}}
They may be one ofBritain’s most successful exports and among the world’s most popular TV shows, ranking alongside the WorldCup Final and the Olympic Games opening ceremony in terms of audience.But, inBritain, beauty competitions are unfashionable. To most people, beauty contests seem as out-dated as bowing. NicolasBarker, a lawyer in London, said that "As much as I think it’s fine for women to do it. I don’t think it’s interesting and in fact. I think they’re irrelevant to today." Last year, Miss World was broadcast to 142 countries, but it wasn’t even shown in this country where it started in 1951.
It wasn’t always this way inBritain. Once, beauty queens dated footballers, traveled the world and were guaranteed fame, fortune and fun. Now, they open new supermarkets, are sponsored by dry-cleaning companies and, if they’re lucky, they get free clothes from supermarkets.
When Francesca Marchant was crowned Miss Sussex in 1969, it was something to be extremely proud of. "I came from a small town, and all my friends were green with envy when they found out I’d won. My boyfriends at the time thought it was terrific and boasted to everyone that he was going out with a beauty queen."
But the good times couldn’t last. The feminist movement gathered momentum. Some women were determined to bring an end to these "cattle shows". Nowadays, saying that you were a beauty queen just doesn’t sound gooD、
Miss World organizers claim that contestants are judged on qualities other than just their physical appearance.But, Jacqueline Gold,England’s representative at this year’s contest, was not chosen because of her academic recorD、The Miss World Website states that she "left school having gained many computer qualifications, and certificates in FirstAid and Life Saving", meaning, not much of an education.
The only time the contests attract attraction now is because of the protesters.At the 1999 Miss World inBritain, around 60 demonstrators hurled flour bombs and fought with the police. They denounced the beauty contest as a "sexist cattle market". They waved banners saying "fat girls are cool" and "women’s bodies are not for sale".
The best title for the passage might be ______A．BeautyContests: Insults to Women
BeautyContests: SexistCattle Market
C．BeautyContests:A、Headache forBritish people
D．BeautyContests: Started inBritain but Unpopular Now