在职申硕英语考试题库_网考网(Netkao.com)

{{B}}PassageFour{{/B}}Mostpeoplewouldagr
{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}}
Most people would agree that, although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom.But agreement ceases as soon as we attempt to define "wisdom" and consider means of promoting it. There are several factors that contribute to wisdom. Of these I should put first a sense of proportion: the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight.
This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the extent and complexity of the special knowledge required of various kinds of technicians. Suppose, for example, that you are engaged in research in scientific medicine. The work is difficult and is likely to absorb the whole of your minD、You have no time to consider the effect which your discoveries or inventions may have outside the field of medicine. You succeed (let us say) as
modern medicine has succeeded, in enormously lowering the infant death-rate, not only inEurope andAmerica, but also inAsia andAfricA、This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply inadequate and lowing the standard of life in the parts of the world that have the greatest populations. To take an even more dramatic example, which is in everybody’s mind at the present time, you study the makeup of the atom from a disinterested (无利害关系的) desire for knowledge, and by chance place in the hands of a powerful mad man the means of destroying the human race.
Therefore, with every increase of knowledge and skill, wisdom becomes more necessary, for every such increase augments (增强) our capacity for realizing our purposes, and therefore augments our capacity for evil, if our purposes are unwise.
Lowering the infant death-rate may ______ .A．prove to be helpful everywhere in the world
B．give rise to an increase in population inEurope
C．cause food shortages inAsia andAfrica
D．raise the living standard of the people inAfrica
A:Excuseme,butcanyoutelluswheretheconfer
A: Excuse me, but can you tell us where the conference room is B：______ The conference room is located on the third floor of the hotel. A．Of course, sir.
B．Yes, please.
C．Right, sir.
D．You are welcom
Arecentreportonpopulationtrendconductedb

A、recent report on population trend conducted by the think {{U}} (1) {{/U}} of the World watch Institute identifies signs of slowing growth in some countries. It says populations in 32 countries—all in the industrialized world—have stabilized because of declining birthrates.But in a handful of developing countries where population is slowing, the cause isn’t something to {{U}} (2) {{/U}}, because more people are dying.
This trend is called "population fatigue", and it’s beginning in many of the developing countries that have experienced {{U}} (3) {{/U}} birthrates and sharp population growth for several decades. Governments in these countries are now having trouble dealing with feeding, housing and educating an increasing number of children, {{U}} (4) {{/U}} at the same time confronting the falling water {{U}} (5) {{/U}}, deforestation and soil erosion that rapid population growth brings. In these countries any new threat—infectious disease, drought or famine—can become a {{U}} (6) {{/U}} crisis.
AIDS is a case {{U}} (7) {{/U}}. WHO estimates calculate that one-quarter of the adult population of Zimbabwe andBotswana are infected with theAIDS virus, {{U}} (8) {{/U}}, these countries stands to lose at least one-quarter of their labor force in the next decade fromAIDS alone, a situation {{U}} (9) {{/U}} since the yellow fever swept throughEurope in the 14’h century.
Social unrest is also increasing in these countries. One example is the {{U}} (10) {{/U}} conflict between the Tutsis and the Hutus in Rwanda, where population pressures reduced cropland {{U}} (11) {{/U}} where it could no longer feed those who lived on it.Demands on the world fisheries and shared water resources are likely to spark similar conflicts.Already the waters of the Nile are so heavily used that little reaches the Mediterranean, so any increase in demand or {{U}} (12) {{/U}} in allocation will also increase tensions.
The bottom line is that human population growth is {{U}} (13) {{/U}} to slow one way or the other.Developing societies will either recognize problems {{U}} (14) {{/U}} the horizon and act to encourage smaller families — or unchecked births will have their {{U}} (15) {{/U}} in rising death rates.
A．group
B．panel
C．tank
D．council
Hurricanesareviolentstormsthatcausemilli
Hurricanes are violent storms that cause millions of dollars in property damage and take many lives. They can be extremely dangerous, and too often people underestimate their fury.
Hurricanes normally originate as a small area of thunderstorms over theAtlantic Ocean west of theCape Verde Islands duringAugust or September. For several days, the area of the storm increases and the air pressure falls slowly.A、center of low pressure forms, and winds begin to whirl around it. It is blown westward, increasing in size and strength.
Hurricane hunters then fly out to the storm in order to determine its size and intensity and to track its direction. They drop instruments for recording temperature, air pressure, and humidity (湿度), into the storm. They also look at the size of waves on the ocean, the clouds, and the eye of the storm. The eye is a region of relative calm and clear skies in the center of the hurricane. People often lose their lives by leaving shelter when the eye has arrived, only to he caught in tremendous winds again when the eye has passeD、
Once the forecasters have determined that it is likely the hurricane will reach shore, they issue a hurricane watch for a large, general area that may be in the path of the storm. Later, when the probable point of landfall is clearer, they will issue a hurricane warning for a somewhat more limited areA、People in these areas are wise to stock up on nonperishable foods, flash light and radio batteries, candles, and other items they may need if electricity and water are not available after the stomA、They should also try to hurricane-proof their houses by bringing in light-weight furniture and other items from outside and covering windows. People living in low-lying areas are wise to evacuate their houses because of the storm surge, which is a large rush of water that may come ashore with the storm. Hurricanes generally lose power slowly while traveling over land, but many move out to sea, gather up force again, and return to lanD、As they move toward the north, they generally lose their identity as hurricanes.
Which of the following is NOT a method of protecting one’s house from a hurricaneA．Taking out heavy things.
B．Moving in light-weight furniture.
C．Equipping the house with stones.
D．Covering windows.
Woman:Nextfallwillbemylastsemesterofcour
Woman: Next fall will be my last semester of course work for my master’s and I will be very busy doing research on my thesis.
Man: So you will not graduate next fall, will you
Question: When will the woman finish her course work for her master’s degree
A．Next semester.
B．Last semester.
C．This semester.
D．The semester after next.
{{B}}PassageOne{{/B}}Oceanographyhasbeen

{{B}}Passage One{{/B}}
Oceanography has been defined as "the application of all sciences to the study of the sea".Before the nineteen century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between.Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.
For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that question "What is at the bottom of the oceans " had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable fromEurope toAmerica was proposeD、The engineers had to know the depth profile of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactureD、
It was to Maury of the U.S. Navy that theAtlantic TelegraphCompany turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the NorthAtlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the SeA、
The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable.At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the seA、
Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the seA、Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.
It was ______ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.A．theAmerican Navy
B．some early intercontinental travelers
C．those who earned a living from the sea
D．the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable
{{B}}PassageThree{{/B}}Mostpeoplethinkof
{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}}
Most people think of lions as strictlyAfrican beasts, but only because they’re been killed off almost everywhere else. Ten thousand years ago lions spanned vast sections of the globe. Now lions hold only a small fraction of their former habitat, andAsiatic lions, a subspecies that split fromAfrican lions perhaps 100,000 years ago, hang on to an almost impossibly small slice of their former territory.
India is the proud steward of these 300 or so lions, which live primarily in a 560-square-mile sanctuary (保护区). It took me a year and a half to get a permit to explore the entire Gir Forest--and no time at all to see why these lions became symbols of royalty and greatness.A、tiger will hide in the forest unseen, but a lion stands its ground, curious and unafraid--lionhearteD、Though they told me in subtle ways when I got too close, Gir’s lions allowed me unique glimpses into their lives during my three months in the forest. It’s odd to think that they are threatened by extinction; Gir has as many lions as it can hold--too many, in fact. With territory in short supply, lions move about near the boundary of the forest and even leave it altogether, often clashing with people. That’s one reason India is creating a second sanctuary. There are other pressing reasons: outbreaks of disease or natural disasters. In 1994 a serious disease killed more than a third ofAfrica’s Serengeti lions--a thousand animals--a fate that could easily happen to Gir’s cats. These lions are especially vulnerable to disease because they descend from as few as a dozen individuals. "If you do aDNA、test,Asiatic lions actually look like identical twins," says Stephen O’Brien, a geneticist (基因学家) who has studied them. Yet the dangers are hidden, and you wouldn’t suspect them by watching these lords of the forest. The lions display vitality, and no small measure of charm.
Though the gentle intimacy of play vanishes when it’s time to eat, meals in Gir are not necessarily frantic affairs. For a mother and her baby lion sharing a deer, or a young male eating an antelope (羚羊), there’s no need to fight for a cut of the kill. The animals they hunt for food are generally smaller in Gir than those inAfrica, and hunting groups tend to be smaller as well.
What does the sentence "...meals in Gir are not necessarily frantic affair" meanA．The lions do not show intimacy among them any more.
B．The lions may not need to fight for fooD、
C．Food is not readily available in that region.
D．Meals can be obtained only with great effort.
{{B}}PassageFive{{/B}}Mostparentsprizeth
{{B}}Passage Five{{/B}}
Most parents prize the diversity within their children’s public schools. They know that learning to cooperate and excel in a diverse, real-world setting is a key to success in the 2lst-century workplace and marketplace.
But how "diverse" and "real-world" is a school that does not have any minority teachers The bad news today is that some 40 percent ofAmerica’s public schools have no teachers of color. The good news is that we have an opportunity to recruit and encourage moreAmericans of color to enter the teaching profession.And our success in doing so can have a powerfully positive impact on student achievement.
Obviously, a teacher’s effectiveness depends, first and foremost, on his or her skills and high expectations, not on the teacher’s color. Yet we also know that children of color--40 percent of the student population and rising- benefit in important ways by having some teachers who look like them, who share similar cultural experiences, and who serve as role models demonstrating that education and achievement are things to be respecteD、
Bear in mind that teachers do not teach only facts and "content". They also model appropriate behaviors and teach by personal example.And for many children, the teachers and other adults in their school are the most important authority figures outside of their home.
So it is important to expose children to a diverse teaching staff--and to diverse role models- within each of our schools. Where we have an urban school with an all-minority staff or a suburban school with an all-white staff, we are giving students a stunted educational experience.
Issues of diversity are especially relevant today, as public schools are redoubling their commitment to raising standards and closing achievement gaps. We need to seize every opportunity to boost the achievement of poor and minority students. I believe- and an impressive body of research confirms--that recruiting and retaining more minority teachers can be crucial to our success.
NEA、has made it a core strategic priority to increase the recruitment and retention of teachers of diverse backgrounds.Beyond NEA’s own programs, we are joining with other organizations to create the NationalCollaborative onDiversity in the Teacher Workforce.
But we can’t do it alone. States and school districts need to develop programs to assist teacher’s aides--large numbers of whom are minorities--to advance their education and become fully licensed teachers. Other programs can reach out to minorities still in school, offering encouragement and incentives to enter the teaching profession.At the same time, states must ensure that relevant tests do not bar promising minority candidates from entering the profession.
It can be learned from paragraph six that ______A．there are achievement gaps between majority and minority students
B．there are achievement gaps among poor and minority students
C．public schools are trying their best to bridge achievement among minority students
D．public schools are trying their best to widen the gaps among majority and minority students
Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsm
Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life o animals, including man.
They do not provide energy, (61) do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for (62) foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if (63) is missing a deficiency disease becomes (64) .
Vitamins are similar because they are (65) of the same elements--usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and (66) nitrogen. They are different (67) their elements are arranged (68) , and each vitamin (69) one or more specific (70) in the body.
(71) enough vitamins is essential to life, (72) the body has no nutritional use for (73) vitamins. Many people, (74) , believe in being on the "safe side" and thus take extra vitamins. However, a (75) diet will usually meet all the body’s vitamin needs.
A．in that
B．so that
C．such that
D．except that
Therocketengine,withitssteadyroarliketha
The rocket engine, with its steady roar like that of a waterfall or a thunderstorm, is an impressive symbol of the new space age. Rocket engines have (61) powerful enough to shoot astronauts (62) the earth’s gravitational pull and land them on the moon. We have now become space (63) .
Impressive and complex as it may appear, the rocket, which was (64) inChina over 800 years ago, is a relatively simple device. Fuel that is (65) in the rocket engine changes (66) gas. The hot and rapidly (67) gas must escape, but it can do so only through an opening that (68) backwarD、As the gas is (69) with great force, it (70) the rocket in the (71) direction. Like the kick of a gun (72) it is fired, it (73) the laws of nature (74) by Sir Isaac Newton when he discovered that" (75) every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.\
A．turns
B．goes
C．faces
D．directs