考研考试

【单选题】TheEuropean Union’sBarcelona summit, which ended on March 16th, was played out against the usual backdrop of noisy "anti-globalization" demonstrations and massive security. If nothing else, the demonstrations illustrated that economic liberalization inEurope--the meeting’s main topic--presents genuine political difficulties. Influential sections of public opinion continue to oppose anything that they imagine threatens "socialEurope", the ideal of a cradle-to-grave welfare state.
In this climate of public opinion, it is not surprising that the outcome inBarcelona was modest. The totemic issue was opening upEurope’s energy markets. The French government has fought hard to preserve a protected market at home for its state-owned national champion,Electricite de FranceEDF).AtBarcelona it made a well-flagged tactical retreat. The summiteers concluded that from 2004 industrial users acrossEurope would be able to choose from competing energy suppliers, which should account for "at least" 60% of the market.
SinceEurope’s energy market is worth 350 billion ( $ 309 billion) a year and affects just about every business, this is a breakthrough.But even the energy deal has disappointing aspects.Confining competition to business users makes it harder to show that economic liberalization is the friend rather than the foe of the ordinary person. It also allowsEDF to keep its monopoly in the most profitable chunk of the French market.
In other areas, especially to do withEurope’s tough labor markets, theEU is actually going backwards. The summiteers declared that "disincentives against taking up jobs" should be removed; 20m jobs should be created within theEU by 2010.But only three days after aBarcelona jamboree, theEuropeanCommission endorsed a new law that would give all temporary-agency workers the same rights as full-timers within six weeks of getting their feet under the desk. Six out of 20 commissioners did, unusually, vote against the measure--a blatant piece of re-regulation--but the social affairs commissioner,AnnaDiamantopoulou, was unrepentant, indeed triumphant.A、dissatisfied liberaliser in the commission called the directive "an absolute disaster".
The summit’s other achievements are still more fragile.Europe’s leaders promised to increase spending on "research and development" from its current figure of 1.9% of GDP a year to 3%.But how willEuropean politicians compel businesses to invest more in research Nobody seems to know.And the one big research project agreed on atBarcelona, the Galileo satellite-positioning system, which is supposed to cost 3.2 billion of public money, is of dubious commercial value, since theEuropeans already enjoy free access to theAmericans’ GPA、system.EdwardBannerman, head of economics at theCentre forEuropean Reform, aBlairite think-tank, calls Galileo "the common agricultural policy in space.\
We learn from the text thatEdwardBannerman is probably
[A] an enthusiast in agricultural policy.
[B] a tough leader in social affairs.
[C] an doubter of spending on research.
[D] a pioneer in space exploration.
网考网参考答案：C
网考网解析：
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