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【分析解答题】European countries are buffeted by two global forces: One is climate change. The other is demography.Both prevalent pressures silently transform societies and the assumptions of public policy. The two have a lot in common.Both are easily recognized but less easily understooD、Both are products of complex forces and unobtrusive influences.Both create huge effects from minuscule changes.
A、rise in global temperature by one degree or a fall in fertility by one point may sound trivial but, over 100 years, will make the earth unbearably hot, or reshape the size and composition of societies. Yet though every rich country has a climate-change policy, few have a population one (there are historical reasons for that).And just as everyone whinges about the weather, but does nothing about it, so everyone inEurope complains, but does nothing, about population. Received opinion holds that "demography is destiny" and thatEurope is doomed by its death-spiral population numbers.American observers argue thatEurope is fast becoming a barren, ageing, enfeebled place. Vast numbers of old people, they reckon, will be looked after, or neglected, by too few economically active adults, supplemented by restless crowds of migrants. The combination of low fertility, longer life and mass immigration will put intolerable pressure on public health, pensions and social services, probably leading to upheaval.
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试题答案： 答案解析：欧洲各国正受困于两大全球问题：一个是气候的变化，另一个是人口结构的变化。这些无处不在的压力，悄无声息地迫使我们的社会转型，并在根本上影响着公共政策的制定。 这两大问题有很多共同之处：大家都觉得它们显而易见，但并没有多少人真正了解。它们都起于青萍之末，是多种因素错综交织的结果。它们都藏身于看似微不足道的变化之中，却蕴含着改天换地的巨大力量。全球气温上升一度或者出生率下降一个百分点，这听上去也许无足轻重，但假以百年，地球将变得炽热难耐，地球上的人口总量以及人口组成也将有巨大的变化。 然而，尽管每一个富国都有针对全球气候变化的相关政策，却没有几个国家制定了针对人口变化的政策(这里有着历史的原因)。人们都在哀叹气候变化带来的麻烦，却都不采取任何有效的行动。同样的，欧洲的人们也都对人口问题抱怨不休，但也只作壁上观。 人们普遍认为“人口的变化决定国家的命运”，欧洲，因为其人口继续衰老，人口总量下降，前途堪忧。美国的观察家们认为欧洲正迅速地成为一个生机廖廖、暮气沉沉、气息奄奄的地方。根据他们的估计，老人的群体过于庞大，能够积极参与经济活动的青壮年又实在太少，就算加上终日忙忙碌碌的大批移民，他们能照顾好这些老人吗 或者他们实在力不从心，只能将老人们弃之不顾 出生率过低，平均寿命延长，大批的移民潮，这三股力量使公共医疗、养老金和社会服务体系不堪重负，也许，这最终将引发社会动荡。 document.getElementById("warp").style.display="none"; document.getElementById("content").style.display="block"; 查看试题解析出处>>