口译笔译考试

【分析解答题】The effect of governmental expenditures on the total economy varies with both the level of utilization of labor and capital in the economy at the time of the expenditure, and the segment of the economy which receives the expenditure. If the economy as a whole or the segment of the economy which is the focus of the expenditure is operating at capacity or close to capacity, then the expenditure’s major effects will tend to be inflationary, and will not generate much employment of capital and labor. If the economy or sector is operating at much less than full employment, the expenditure will produce a genuine (non-inflationary) rise in the GNP.
A、true measure of the effect of governmental increase in the amount of money made available, then, is not the simple dollar value of the initial injection but the cumulative effect of this injection through spending and re-spending. In the optimum case the initial expansion of income flow could be great enough to produce tax revenues in excess of the original "deficit spending" or the "tax cut", so that deficits are not only smaller than the increased GNP but are recoupeD、In Keynesian economics the fundamental point of government policy clearly is not budget-balancing but spending in the event of unused productive capacity and unemployment. Spending increases productivity. This productivity resulting from federal spending has overwhelmed the older economic myths of the balanced budget where government is conceived of as just another business firm.
The effect of governmental expenditures on the total economy varies with both the level of utilization of labor and capital in the economy at the time of the expenditure, and the segment of the economy which receives the expenditure.
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试题答案：政府支出对总体经济的影响，随着支出之时总体经济中劳力和资本的利用水平以及获得政府支出的经济部门的变化而变化。 答案解析：[解析] 介词with与vary, change, increase, decrease, rise, fall等动词连用时，常译为“随着……”。如： The conductivity of a semiconductor varies with temperature.半导体的导电率随温度而变化。 The wind increased sharply with the result that evaporation went up remarkably.风力明显增大的结果是蒸发明显增强。 On the assumption that speed is kept constant, distance increases with time.如速度不变，则距离随时间增大。 in the economy指代前面the total economy, the expenditure指代前面governmental expenditures，这里的指代关系应在译文中反映出来，而不应直接译成“经济中”、“支出”，让人误以为这里的“经济”有别于“总体经济”，“开支”有别于“政府开支”。 document.getElementById("warp").style.display="none"; document.getElementById("content").style.display="block"; 查看试题解析出处>>