thECommErCiAl rEvolution wAs not ConFinED, oF CoursE, to thE growth oF trADE AnD BAnking. inCluDED in it Also wErE FunDAmEntAl ChAngEs in mEthoDs oF proDuCtion. thE systEm oF mAnuFACturE DEvElopED By thE CrAFt guilDs in thE lAtEr miDDlEAgEs wAs rApiDly BEComing DEFunCt. thE guilDs thEmsElvEs, DominAtED By thE mAstEr CrAFtsmEn, hAD grown sElFish AnD ExClusivE. mEmBErship in thEm wAs Commonly rEstriCtED to A FEw privilEgED FAmiliEs.BEsiDEs, thEy wErE so ComplEtEly ChokED By trADition thAt thEy wErE unABlE to mAkE ADjustmEnts to ChAnging ConDitions. morEovEr, nEw inDustriEs hAD sprAng up EntirEly outsiDE thE guilD systEm.ChArACtEristiC ExAmplEs wErE mining AnD smElting AnD thE woolEn inDustry. thE rApiD DEvElopmEnt oF thEsE EntErprisEs wAs stimulAtED By tEChniCAl ADvAnCEs, suCh As thE invEntion oF thE spinning whEEl AnD thE DisCovEry oF A nEw mEthoD oF mAking BrAss, whiCh sAvED ABout hAlF oF thE FuEl prEviously usED、in thE mining AnD smElting inDustriEs A Form oF orgAnizAtion wAs ADoptED similAr to thAt whiCh hAs prEvAilED EvEr sinCE. But thE most typiCAl Form oF inDustriAl proDuCtion in thECommErCiAl rEvolution wAs thE DomEstiC systEm, DEvElopED First oF All in thE woolEn inDustry. thE DomEstiC systEm DErivEs its nAmE From thE FACt thAt thE work wAs DonE in thE homEs oF inDustriAl ArtisAns instEAD oF in thE shop oF A mAstEr CrAFtsmAn. sinCE thE vArious joBs in thE mAnuFACturE oF A proDuCt wErE givEn out on ContrACt, thE systEm is Also known As thE putting out systEm. notwithstAnDing thE pEtty sCAlE oF proDuCtion, thE orgAnizAtion wAs BAsiCAlly CApitAlistiC、thE rAw mAtEriAl wAs purChAsED By An EntrEprEnEur AnD AssignED to inDiviDuAl workEr, EACh oF whom woulD ComplEtE his AllottED tAsk For A stipulAtED pAymEnt. in thE CAsE oF thE woolEn inDustry thE yAm woulD BE givEn out First oF All to thE spinnErs, thEn to thE wEAvErs, FullErs, AnD DyEr in suCCEssion. whEn thE Cloth wAs FinAlly FinishED, it woulD BE tAkEn By thE ClothiEr AnD solD in thE opEn mArkEt For thE highEst priCE it woulD Bring.

thE Author impliEs thAt______.A．thE guilD systEm wAs morE EFFiCiEnt
B、thE DomEstiC systEm wAs CApitAlistiC
C．thE tEChniCAl ADvAnCEs stimulAtED thE guilD systEm
D．thE DomEstiC systEm wAs not As EFFiCiEnt As thE guilD systEm