Before Keynes, economists were gloomy naysayers. "Nothing can be done", "Don’t interfere," "It will never work," they intoned withEeyore —— like pessimism.But Keynes was an unswerving optimist. Of course we can lick unemployment! There is no reason to put up with recessions and depressions! The "economic problem is not —— if we look into the future —— the permanent problem of the human race," he wrote.
Keynes was born inCambridge,England, in 1883. His father John Neville Keynes was a notedCambridge economist. His mother FlorenceAda Keynes became mayor ofCambridge. Young John was a brilliant student but didn’t immediately aspire to either academia or public life. He wanted to run a railroaD、"It is so easy... and fascinating to master the principles of these things," he told a friend, with his usual modesty.But no railroad came along, and Keynes ended up taking the civil service exam. His lowest mark was in economics. "I evidently knew more aboutEconomics than my examiners. "he later explaineD、 Keynes was posted to the India Office, but theCivil Service proved deadly dull, and he soon left. He lectured atCambridge, edited an influential journal and socialized with hisBloomsbury friends, surrounded himself with artists and writers and led an altogether dilettantish life untilArchduke Francis Ferdinand ofAustria was assassinated in Saraievo, andEurope was plunged into World War I. Keynes was called toBritain’s Treasury to work on overseas finances, where he quickly shone.Even his artistic tastes came in handy. He figured a way to balance the French accounts by havingBritain’s National Gallery buy paintings by Manet,Corot andDelacroix at bargain prices.
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